Federalism Continued Dual Federalism Cooperative Federalism Two levels of government are coequal sovereigns each supreme within its own sphere The Constitution a compact between the States Assumes the national government is supreme 10th Amendment as a limitation on the national government believes in narrow reading of Necessary Views the people rather than the states as the source of the government s legitimacy Loose interpretation of the necessary and proper clause emphasis on the Supremacy Clause National assumption of state debts funding of existing public debt National Bank Excise Tax on Alcohol The DemocraticRepublicans Support centered in the West and South Envisioned an agrarian republic with individual liberty grounded in land ownership and responsive local government The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions 1798 99 Alien and Sedition Acts 1798 Sedition Act used to convict 10 men most of whom were DemocraticRepublican newspaper editors KY and VA Resolutions suggested that when the federal gvt exceeded its authority the states could nullify its acts The Nullification Crisis John Calhoun SC argued that the federal govt was a creation of the states which were the final arbiters of the constitutionality of laws Tariff of Abominations 1828 Compromise Tariff 1832 The Union must and shall be preserved The Civil War Amendments 13th Amendment 1865 Outlawed slavery 14th Amendment Created a national citizenship 1868 15th Amendment 1870 National right to vote regardless of race color or previous condition of servitude The New Deal 1933 1937 The Great Society circa 1965 Grants in aid Programs through which Congress provides money to state and local governments on the condition that the funds be employed for purposes defined by the federal government Virginia and The PPAC Act Obamacare In February 2010 VA enacted a law stating that No resident of this Commonwealth shall be required to obtain or maintain a policy of individual health insurance coverage In March 2010 Congress passed the PPAC mandating that individuals have health insurance beginning in 2014 The Supremacy Clause Article VI section 2 This Constitution and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof shall be the supreme Law of the Land any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding