ISB 201 – Spring 2014ISB 201 – Spring 2014 Practice Test #11. A recent article published in the Journal of Social Forces indicates that population growth in developing nations results in increased rates of deforestation. Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem service potentially lost as a result of the destruction of these forest ecosystems?a. Forest ecosystems are a large source of timber.b. The geology of these regions may contain valuable minerals.c. Forest vegetation is able to accomplish a great deal of carbon sequestration.d. Forest animals are an important source of protein for the diets of local residents.e. All of the above are examples of forest ecosystem services. 2. Which of the following is NOT true with regards to subsidies?a. They can take the form of significant tax breaks to corporations.b. They are frequently derived from taxes paid by citizens. c. They are financially supported as a result of the windfall profits made by the corporations to which they are given.d. They never support environmentally damaging activities.e. All of the above are in fact true of subsidies.3. NEWS FLASH: “Rising sea temperatures are resulting in mackerel moving further northwards. This is allowing for dramatically increased catch of mackerel by Iceland. Iceland decided to raise its mackerel quota to 130,000 tonnes, compared to the usual 2,000 tonnes agreed upon in an accord with the European Union.” This issue resulted in outrage by many EU nations, arguing that there would be negative results. Which of the following is a potential concern with increasing the fish catch to such a degree?a. Catching that many fish could result in Violating Maximum Sustained Yield and could negatively impact the long term survival of the mackerel population.b. Catching that many fish could trigger the Gaia Hypothesis, whereby the salinity of the oceans would be so drastically changed that it would be outside the range of tolerance of all fish species.c. Catching that many fish could result in the mackerel population achieving its biotic potential and would increase the rate of bad mutations.d. Catching that many fish could result in a decrease in the levels of phosphorous in the oceanic waters ofthat region and could result in reduced plant growth.e. Catching that many fish could result in algae blooms and decreased oxygen concentrations in the oceans. 4. Which of the following is a specific example of a “commons” as depicted and defined by Garrett Hardin in hisarticle Tragedy of the Commons?a. The open oceansb. The atmospherec. Natural gas reserves in the Great Lakes regiond. A and Be. B and C15. The island chain represented to the right is the Hawaiian Island Arc System. The arrow represents the direction of plate movement. Which of the following is NOT possible with regards to island A vs. island B?a. A is younger than B.b. A has more soil development than Bc. The magnetic polarity of the planet was different when the two islands were formed.d. A has experienced more erosion than Be. All of the above are possibly accurate with regards to island A vs. B.6. Which of the following is the mechanism that is thought to drive plate tectonics?a. Solar radiation that enters through the atmosphereb. Gravitational forces resulting from a spinning planetc. Shifting of the planetary magnetic poled. Convection currents in the mantle of the planete. The major wind systems that blow across the planet7. Which tends to be oldest on our planet, granite or basalt? Why?a. Basalt. It is more dense and tends to subduct more easily and is recycled.b. Basalt. It is less dense and tends to subduct less easily and is not recycled.c. Granite. It is more dense and tends to subduct more easily and is recycled.d. Granite. It is less dense and tends to subduct less easily and is not recycled.e. Granite and Basalt are both igneous rock and therefore on average are the same age.8. There is a great deal of limestone in the geology of some of the regions of Southern Michigan and Ohio. This being the case, what can you infer about the geology of those locations?a. There was once an ocean there.b. There was once a desert there.c. The location was heavily impacted by diastrophismd. A and Ce. B and C 9. Plate tectonics is often times referred to as a Foundation Theory, in that understanding this phenomenon helps to explain other phenomenon in nature. Which of the following can plate tectonics help to explain?a. The Heliocentric Theoryb. The formation of island arc systems, like Hawaiic. The location of certain fossils around the planetd. B and Ce. All of the above are best explained in light of plate tectonics.10. Although there are exceptions, in general according to the Biological Species Concept, a species includes all organisms that a. Are similar enough to produce fertile offspring in natureb. Look extremely similarc. Live in the same locationd. Have the same Range of Tolerancee. All of the above2AB11. Which of the following is NOT true of insects?a. Insects have an ability to quickly evolve. This being the case, humans have trouble with them rapidly evolving resistance to many of the chemical pesticides we use.b. Insects have extremely low biotic potential. This helps them to evolve so rapidly.c. One of the natural services provided by insects is that they help to aerate soils.d. Insects are among the most vitally important pollinators world-wide.e. Insects perform essential ecosystem services that have been determined to be valued in the billions of dollars annually in the U.S. alone. 12. Which of the following is considered a macronutrient and why?a. Phosphorous; it is the 2nd most abundant mineral in bonesb. Nitrogen; this is the most abundant element in the atmospherec. Iodine; organisms require a small amounts of itd. Carbon; it is always readily available in the environmente. Nitrogen; organisms need large quantities of it13. Which of the following organisms can NOT be classified as hexapods?a. Butterflies and Mothsb. Spiders and ticksc. Ants, Bees, and Waspsd. Beetlese. All of the above are hexapods 14. Which of the following best represents the insect parts indicated in the Hymenopteran (wasp) diagramabove?a. 1-Antennae; 2-Spiracle; 3-Cercib. 1-Antennae; 2-Abdomen; 3-Ovipositorc. 1-Head; 2-Haltere; 3-Abdomend. 1-Antennae; 2-Thorax; 3-Ovipositore. 1-Ocelli; 2-Spiracle; 3-Ovipositor15. Which of the following is an ecosystem service provided by insects that is directly related