Test #2 (Approximately)EvolutionTest #3 (Approximately)ISB 201 – Insects, Globalization, and SustainabilityCourse Content Study GuideTest #1 (Approximately)Students will be able to . . .- Clearly explain using examples how the integration of a wide variety of disciplines are essential in the proper investigation and study of Environmental Science.- Define and clearly explain what is meant by Sustainability- Explain, recognize, and give examples of Natural Capital, being able to compare and contrast Natural Resources and Natural Ecosystem Services- Clearly explain the variety of factors that must be taken into account when estimating a person’s Ecological Footprint- Describe the definition and implications of Globalization- Clearly explain, appropriately apply, and differentiate each of the following historic ecological concepts: o Myth of Inexhaustibilityo Maximum Sustainable Yieldo Tragedy of the Commons- Clearly list and explain the significance and importance of each of the steps of the Scientific Method- Clearly explain the distinction and relationship between Pure and Applied Science, giving examples of each, and how historic advances in one allow for advances in the other.- Clearly describe the Capitalist Economic System and the associated factors that can result in social and / or environmental implications.- Clearly explain what GNI and GDP are, what they are used for, and problems with the application of these measurements.- Clearly explain what is meant by Full Cost Pricing. How would it be implemented? What difficulties could be associated with its implementation? What are potential consequences? Intended benefits? Current examples of implementation.- Diagram and describe the basic geologic structure of the planet.- Clearly explain how the process of Plate Tectonics is thought to occur. Clearly explain pieces ofevidence that have been used to support this scientific theory. Clearly explain why Plate Tectonics can be categorized as a foundation theory.- Clearly describe a variety of related Geologic Principles and Processes associated with uplift and downcutting and the Rock Cycle.- Clearly describe the major factors that impact Soil Fertility.- Clearly describe the variety of factors that contribute to poor Soil Management, giving specific examples to illustrate.- Clearly define, explain and appropriately apply the following Ecological Conceptso Populationo Biological Species Concepto Abiotic vs. Biotico Range Toleranceo Limiting Factor Principle- Clearly compare and contrast the two key metabolic processes: Photosynthesis vs. Respiration- Apply understanding of photosynthesis and respiration in predicting relative levels of certain gases in the atmosphere over time.- Apply understanding of photosynthesis and respiration in predicting biomass changes in plants and animals under different environmental conditions.- Clearly describe and differentiate the major Ecosystem Components and their importance in nutrient cycling and / or energy flow in an ecosystem.- Using the 1st and 2nd Laws of Thermodynamics to clearly illustrate and describe Energy Flow in an Ecosystem and explain the pyramid of biomass and / or the relative abundance of certain organisms in nature.- Clearly describe and illustrate the major pathways and the drivers of the following elements in their Biogeochemical Cycleso Watero Nitrogeno Phosphorouso Carbon / OxygenMajor Entomological Themes Emphasized- Binomial System and Taxonomy- Species Concept- The Reasons for the Success of Insects- Different forms of development in insects- Major Life History Traits- Body Plan and Significant Body PartsTest #2 (Approximately)Evolution- Clearly describe the relationship between Genetics and the processes of Natural Selection and Evolution.- Clearly describe what is meant by the Selfish Gene Theory and identify and describe examples of ecological phenomenon that either support or refute this theory. - Define and explain the process of Evolution.- Clearly explain the process and the significance of Natural Selection as it relates to evolution.- Compare and contrast the two evolutionary theories known as Gradualism vs. Punctuated Equilibrium- Clearly define, compare and contrast Habitat vs. Niche- Clearly explain differences in Niche Breadth and how this relates to different species.- Clearly explain what is meant by Adaptive Radiation and indicate how this process can lead to an increase in biodiversity in a location.- Climateo Diagram and clearly explain the Hydrologic Cycleo Illustrate and clearly explain each of the major factors that naturally act to impact and determine global climate patterns.- Greenhouse effecto What influences local climate?o Biogeography vs. Biodiversityo Factors impacting levels of Biodiversityo Human Impacts on Climate- Biomeso Factors dictating biome distributiono Compare and contrast various biomes discussedo Compare and contrast organism adaptations to various biomes discussed- Ecology and Species Interactionso Various Types of Specieso How do Species Interact? Examples and Illustrations Nuances Associated with Interactions o Habitat vs. Nicheo Gause’s Principleo Resource Partitioning- Ecological Successiono Primary vs. Secondary Successiono Aquatic- Forensic Entomology- Population Dynamicso Territorialityo Factors Limiting Population Growtho Factors Impacting Populations Density Dependent vs. Density Independent Factorso Carrying Capacityo Biotic Potentialo Reproductive Strategieso Population Growth Curves- Human Populationo Malthusian Catastropheo Carrying Capacity vs. Cultural Carrying Capacityo Stages of Cultural Development and Revolutionso Current Trends in Population Growth – Developed nations vs. Developingo Demographic Vocabularyo Factors that impact Fertilityo Population ProfilesTest #3 (Approximately)- Climate Change Global Warmingo greenhouse effecto causes of G.W.o Impacts of G.W.o Predictions associated with G.W.o Solutions to G.W.o Feedback loops associated with G.W.- Stratospheric Ozoneo Significanceo Problems associated with ito Causes of the problemso Resulting impacts- Insects and Diseaseso Different types of Insect Vectored Diseaseso Biology and Ecologyo Health Impactso Controls- Food Resourceso Trends in Global Food Productiono Environmental Effectso Nutritiono Industrial Agricultureo Alternative Methodso Fossil Fuelso Monocultureso Herbicideso Fertilizerso Pesticideso Pesticide Treadmillo IPMo GMOso Food Resource Alternatives- Watero water