POLS 2311 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I. The Constitution: The Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth AmendmentII. Freedom of Expression Outline of Current Lecture II. Thomas Jefferson on EqualityIII. Equality through LawCurrent LectureThomas Jefferson on EqualityJohn Locke’s Influence on Jefferson- In 1667, Locke published the essay On Toleration- Locke insisted:o “All adults were equal”o Subject to no one but Godo All could acquire and defend their propertyo An equivalent right of self-defense against unreasonable attacks on one’s personal propertyJefferson—a man conflicted- Inconsistencies between his values and his status as slave owner- He called the institution of slaveryo “Abominable crime”o “Moral depravity”o “Hideous blot”o “Fatal stain on the country’s honor”In 1770, Jefferson declared in a Virginia court case, “Under the law of nature, all men are born free, every one comes into the world with a right to his own person, which includes the liberty of moving and using it as his own.”A World Conflicted- Inequality is not unique to the U.S.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- No other nation at the time dared proclaim equality for all men.Equality through LawThe Fourteenth Amendment (1868): Equal Protection- The Equal Protection clause forbids states from denying equal protection.- Applies to national, state, and local governments.- Plessy v Ferguson.- Blacks allowed when there were no separate facilities.- Ada Sipuel and the University of Oklahoma Law School—Sipuel wanted to go to law school. Since the University of OK was the only law school in OK, she was supposed to attend school there. Instead they roped her off in the state capitol tostudy.Segregation in the Schools- Brown v Board of Education (1954)—banned forced segregation in schools based on the Fourteenth Amendment- Concluded that “separate facilities are inherently unequal”- Struck down Plessy, but did not end segregation- Little change to segregation even fifteen years later- The Supreme Court encouraged bussing as a solution to segregation; highly controversial, mixed resultsThe Civil Rights Act of 1964- Accommodation and jobso Public accommodation refused based on raceThe Black Civil Rights Movement- Impetus behind Civil Rights Act of 1964- Blacks fought WWII against the Nazis; they were treated better in Europe as heroes than in America as second class citizens- 1963 Birmingham bus boycott—started by Rosa Parks, led by MLK- 1964 March on Washington for jobs and freedom- Strong resistance to Civil Rights Act, but it was ultimately successfulThe Movement for Women’s Rights- English disregard for women- Women’s movement aligned with Abolition movement- Vote in 1920 with the Nineteenth Amendment- The Equal Rights Amendment: passed Congress but failed ratification by the statesHispanic Americans and Farm Workers’ Strikes- ‘60s and ‘70s, largely for migrant workers’ rights; most successful in CaliforniaNative Americans and their Long-delayed Rights- Granted citizenship in 1924- Protests in ‘70s; greater control over own affairs- 1968 Indian Bill of RightsAsian Americans and Immigration- Long tradition of immigration restriction, which ended in 1963.- Some legal victories in the field of