Helen NajjarFebruary 3rd, 2014Week 3 Reading NotesBody Rituals of The NaricemaThis story seems to be about a tribe living in North America. However, it seems tobe a reflection of our own society, so much to the point that I wonder if this tribe really exists. For example, the body ritual this society undergoes is on the assumption or belief that the body is ugly or UN pure. This belief is related to our reading because it shows that people are socialized by their family, society, and other agents of control to believe this. Like our society, women undergo painful practices in order to “fix” the body or makeit more desirable. It also relates to how we develop the self, by imagining how we appear to others, observing the reactions of others, and then developing concepts of the self such as an individual’s body needs to be changed. When people are applauded for doing certain rituals or changing their appearance in some way, they internalize that behavior.College Freshman Cycles Rapidly Through IdentitiesThis article is about a student named Kirk Vandetramp who constantly changes hisidentity. He changes his clothing, speech, actions, and social groups. This relates to resocialization, or the process of learning new norms, beliefs, and values of a certain group. People seem to be uncomfortable with what he is doing, all though the interviewees also express understanding that he is in a transitional point of his life course,or transitional adulthood. Henslin Chapter 3: Socialization-Social Environment is the entire human environment, including interaction with others.-Feral Children are children assumed to have been raised by animals, in the wilderness, isolated from humans.-Socialization is the process by which people learn the characteristics of their group: the knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, norms, and actions thought appropriate for them. -Looking Glass Self is a term coined by Charles Horton Cooley, which refers to the process in which our self develops through internalizing other’s reaction to us-Looking Glass Self Elements1. Imagine how we appear to those around us2. We interpret other’s reactions3. We develop a self-concept-Significant others: an individual who significantly influences someone else’s life, such as a girl friend/boyfriend, spouse, parent, and close friend.-Taking the role of the other is putting you in someone else’s shoes, understanding how someone else feels and thinks, in order to anticipate how that person will act. The stages of this are:1. Imitation (mimicking the actions of others)2. Play (taking the role of others through games, often involves costumes)3. Games (Team Games, such as sports, anticipating what others will do in order to win)-Jean Piaget and The Development of Reasoning: Piaget studied the development of themind or how we learn to reason. He says this development takes place in four stages:1. Sensorimotor Stage, in which our understanding is limited to direct contact such as sucking, touching, listening, and looking. We aren't able to " think." During the first part of this stage, we do not even know that our bodies are separate from the environment. This is when we are young infants or toddlers. In this stage, it is still hard torecognize cause and effect.2. Proportional Stage is the stage in which we develop the ability to use symbols.We are also developing the ability to count. However, we are still not able to take on the roll of the other, or understand common concepts such as size, speed, causation, or what numbers mean. This is when we are developing but is still only able to see things from our perspective.3. Concrete Operational is when our reasoning abilities are more developed at this age, but they remain concrete. We can now understand numbers, causation, size, and speed. We are able to play team games and take the role of the other. Unless we have concrete examples, however, we are unable to talk about concepts such as truth, honesty, or justice. 4. Formal Operational this is when we are capable of abstract thinking. We are able to come to conclusions based on definitions of right and wrong or other general principles, as well as talking about important concepts, and solving abstract problems. This is when we think about causation, and use critical thinking.-Sigmund Frued developed a theory about origin of personality and that it exists of threeelements: ID, Ego, and Superego.ID is our inborn basic drives, such as reproduction, safety, and survivalEgo is the balancing force between the ID and demands of society that suppress and control these drives.Superego is the conscience, or the internalized norms and values of our social group.-Agents of Socialization is people or groups that affect our self, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.-Gender is the behaviors and attitudes that society considers proper for males or females, masculinity or femininity.-Gender Socialization is learning society’s “gender map,” or being socialized into accepting the life paths and behaviors for each gender.-Peer Group is a group of individuals often roughly the same age that are linked by common interests and orientations. -Mass Media is the forms of communication such as radio, newspapers, and television that are directed to mass audiences.  Serve a role in socialization about gender and other norms in society-Social Inequality is a social condition in which privileges and obligations are given to some but not to others-Manifest functions are the intended beneficial consequences of people’s actions-Latent Functions are the unintended beneficial consequences of people’s actions-Anticipatory Functions is the process of learning in advance an anticipated social role or function-Resozialization is the process of learning new norms, beliefs, and attitudes -Total Institution is a place that is almost totally controlled by those who run it, in which people are cut off from the rest of society and the society is mostly cut off from them-Total Institution is a place that is totally controlled by those who run it, in which people are cut of from the rest of society and society, is cut of from them-Degradation Ceremony Is a term coined by Harvard Garfunkel which a ritual has a goal to remake the self, by stripping an individual of their self-identity and replacing it with another. For example, Greek systems hazing and finally initiating the new members now that they have proven they are a part of the group.-Life Courses are the