Helen NajjarSociology 1001Reading NotesHenslin Chapter 1-Society is a group of people who share a culture and a territory.-Sociological Perspective is understanding human behavior by placing it within it’s border of social context-Social Location is the group memberships that people have becauseof their location in history and society-Sociology is the scientific study of society and human behavior-The Scientific Approach is using objective, systematic observationsto test theories-Auguste Comte is credited with founding sociology, by beginning to analyze the basis of social order. -Herbert Spencer is the sociologist who coined the term “survival of the fittest.” He thought that helping the poor was wrong, because they are not fit enough to survive evolution. -Charles Darwin is responsible for social Darwinism, drawing on spencer’s idea of survival of the fittest. -Karl Marx believed that the root of human misery is class conflict, or the struggle between capitalists and workers. He called these capitalists who have the means of production the burgoisis. The bourgeois exploited the workers who did not own means of profuction,who are known as the Proletariat. Marx believed that this system meant that social change was inevitable in the form of the workers overthrowing the bourgeois’. -Emile Durkheim His comparison of the suicide rates of several countries revealed an underlying social factor: People are more likely to commit suicide if their ties to others in their communities are weak.Durkheim identification of the key role of social integration (the degree in which people are tied to their social group) in social life remains central to sociology today.-Max Weber was an early sociologist who cross-central and historical materials to determine how social change happens and how social groups affect people's orientation to life.-Patterns of Behavior are reacurring characteristics or events.-The “Forgotten” Female Sociologists: Marion Talbot (1858-1948)Anna Julia Cooper (1858-1964)Florence Kelly (1859-1932)Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935)Ida B. Wells-Barnett (1862-1931)Emily Green Balch (1867-1961)Grace Abbott (1878- 1939)Frances Perkins (1880-1965)Alice Paul (1885-1977)Beatrice Potter Webb (1858- 1943)-W.E.B. Dubois was the first African American to graduate from Harvard. He studied the relationship between African Americans andWhites. He was a social advocate and one of the founders of the National Association of Advancement of Colored People.-Jane Adams won the noble peace prize for her work with immigrantsand woman’s sufferage movement. She also supported the peace movement during the first world war.-Basic or Pure Sociology is sociological research for the purpose of making discoveries about life in human groups, not making changes inhuman groups.-Applied Sociology is the use of sociology to solve problems, from the micro level of classroom interaction and family relationships to the macro level of crime and pollution-Public Sociology is sociology being used for the public good-Theory is a general statement of how parts of the world work together -George Herbert Mead is one of the founders of symbolic interactionism, a major theoretical perspective in sociology.-Symbolic Interationalism a theoretical perspective in which societyis viewed as composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning, develop their views of their world, and communicate with one anothera) through everyday interactions with each other, we attach the meaning to and construct a reality of symbols (words, gestures, material items) When interacting with others we use these meanings to"interpret their actions and act in ways constant with our interpretations" b) interactions>meanings>behaviorc) meanings can change over time through interactionsd) the very basic ideas of this theory are: what is the meaning and how does it affect our behavior?-Functional Analysis is that society is a whole unit, made up of interrelated parts that work together.a) society is a complex system of interrelated parts that work together to function smoothly (maintain stability)b) the very basic ideas are:- "what is the function for society?"-"How is it accomplished?"Mills The PromiseMills talks about how the sociological imagination, (or the ability to see things socially and how they interact and effect each other) effects the individual and society. Furthermore, you cannot understand society without studying the experience of the individual and vise versa.Hernando WashingtonMcIntrye offers an interesting analysis of a man named hernando Washington who raped a woman. Instead of just saying, itwas bad what he did, she analyzes why he did it. He was from a place with little law enforcement, which is one way why criminal behavior must have been easy to commit. The neighborhood where he was fromhad a lot of criminals, so criminial behavior must have been learned through interactions with others. Furthermore, Hernando thought since Sarah was alone and unprotected, it was okay for him to have sex with her. He was not clear on the idea of rape. In no way was this rape okay, but through sociology the author analyzes why he raped her instead of just because he is a “bad person.”From Summer Camps To Glass CeilingsThis article outlines experiemental design and using the scientific method in sociology. It includes social experiements from individuals from different backrounds, measuring things such as test scores, intergroup conflict, and woman’s rightsThe Promise and Pitfalls Of Going Into The FieldThis article talks about doing ethnography as a sociologist, which means participating in social events as an outsider but attempting to assimilate into the culture you are studying. Ehtnography consists of three parts: data gathering, data analysis, and data