BIOL 200A 1st Edition Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture I. Characteristics of Living ThingsII. Cell Theory and the Theory of EvolutionIII. TermsOutline of Current Lecture IV. Basic Parts of an atomV. Types of Chemical BondsVI. Basic Chemistry ConceptsCurrent LectureThree parts to an atom- proton, which has a positive charge; neutron, which has a neutral charge; electron, which has a negative charge1. Each element has a different number of protons2. Isotopes same number of protons but different number of neutrons3. The mass of proton = neutron = one dalton(Da)4. Electrons pairs reside in orbitals, and each orbital contains a set number of electrons- valence electrons forms chemical bonds- chemical reactions occur when chemical bonds are made or brokenDifferent chemical bonds have different strengths and features1. When electrons are shared, covalent bonds are formed. If the sharing is equal nonpolar covalent bonds are formed. If the sharing is unequal then the bond is called polar covalent, for example, water has a polar covalent bond.2. Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to draw electrons to itself.a. O>N>C = H because as electronegativity goes down a group it increases; but decreased down a period. b. So the highest electronegative out of F, Si, Na, Cs: is F3. Ions are formed when electrons are gained or losta. Cations lose an electron, making them positive.b. Anions lose an electron, making them negative.4. There are single, double, and triple bondsSome basic Chemistry terminology.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Concentration is found by taking any number of an item and dividing it by the volume of the solution.2. Molarity is found by taking the mols(n) and dividing it by volume. M=n/V3. Water is an excellent solvent because of the hydrogen bonds. a. Water does not dissolve everything, substances that are not soluble in water are called hydrophobicb. Substances that are soluble in water are known as