Systems: living systems are interconnected, and they interact and influence each other on multiple levelsTransformations of Energy and Matter: all livingEnvironment:Abiotic- nonliving componentsBiotic- living componentsAbiotic and biotic factors are connected via the flow ofAll organisms need energy source to produce ATP (energy molecule)Net Primary Production (NPP):Biomass that is the foundation of all food chainsTrophic Levels:Group of organisms that obtain energy from the same sourceOften see a limit to how many levels we have in the food chainBecause energy (biomass) decreases with each trophic levelGeneral rule: 10% of energy/biomass transferred from one trophic level to the nextEnergy transfer: primary producer to primary consumerEnergy lost from respiration, not consumed biomass, fecesUnconsumed biomass and feces eaten by detritusDuring Carboniferous period (360-300 mya) much of the NPP was not consumed or decomposed; was buried and later formed fossil fuelsEfficiency for using plant energy varies between consumersEctotherm- uses outside heat to support their bodySmall mammals less efficient than larger mammalsProduction Efficiency: proportion of assimilated biomass used to produce new consumer biomassAll living systems are made of structural components; the characteristics of these structures determine how the system functionsSystem: ecosystemStructures: organisms at different trophic levelsBIOL 130 1st Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture I. Species InteractionsOutline of Current Lecture II. SystemsIII. EnvironmentIV. Trophic LevelsV. Energy TransferCurrent LectureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Systems: living systems are interconnected, and they interact and influence each other on multiple levelsTransformations of Energy and Matter: all living-Environment:- Abiotic- nonliving components- Biotic- living components\- Abiotic and biotic factors are connected via the flow of - All organisms need energy source to produce ATP (energy molecule)Net Primary Production (NPP):- Biomass that is the foundation of all food chainsTrophic Levels:- Group of organisms that obtain energy from the same source- Often see a limit to how many levels we have in the food chain- Because energy (biomass) decreases with each trophic level- General rule: 10% of energy/biomass transferred from one trophic level to the next Energy transfer: primary producer to primary consumer- Energy lost from respiration, not consumed biomass, feces- Unconsumed biomass and feces eaten by detritus- During Carboniferous period (360-300 mya) much of the NPP was not consumed or decomposed; was buried and later formed fossil fuels- Efficiency for using plant energy varies between consumers - Ectotherm- uses outside heat to support their body- Small mammals less efficient than larger mammalsProduction Efficiency: proportion of assimilated biomass used to produce newconsumer biomass- All living systems are made of structural components; the characteristics of these structures determine how the system functions- System: ecosystem- Structures: organisms at different trophic