HLTH 1000Exam 2 Study GuideChapter 1 Health in the 21st CenturyWhat is the current life expectancy at birth in the U.S.? (Page 1) -77.7 years Name some habits that can result in premature aging? (Page 1) - Eating poorly, being physically inactive, smoking, and drinking too much. What should be included in a comprehensive definition of “health?” (Page 2) -A state of well-being that encompasses physical, social, psychological, spiritual, intellectual, environmental, and occupational dimensions. Define each of the 7 dimensions of health and give an example of a behavior that would fall under each dimension. (Pages 3-4) -Physical Health – physically active, eating nutritiously, and getting enough sleep. -Intellectual Health – willingness to take on new intellectual challenges, and a capacity to think critically. -Psychological Health – Preserving reality accurately and responding to challengesrationally and effectively.-Social Health – Relationships with family, friends, your professors and other in your life.-Spiritual Health – how we express our beliefs and values. -Environmental Health – air quality, availability of clean water and nutritious food.-Occupational Health - How happy do fulfilled do you feel by your work?What is the leading cause of death in 15-24 year olds in the U.S? (Page 4) - Accidental/unintentional injuries Chapter 4 Nutrition and YouWhat are the six major classes of nutrients? (Page 66)- Carbohydrates- Fats (more appropriately called lipids- Proteins - Vitamins- Minerals- waterWhat is the calorie content of a gram of carbohydrate, protein, fat and alcohol? (Page 67) - Carbohydrates – 4 calories per gram- Protein – 4 calories per gram- Fat – 9 calories per gram- Alcohol – 7 calories per gramWhat happens to calories that are consumed in excess? (Page 67) - Calories consumed in excess of energy needs are converted to fat and stored in thebody.Why are unrefined grains a better choice for carbohydrates than refined grains?(Page 68) - Unrefined grans (whole grain) include three parts – bran, germ, and endosperm. They provide vitamins, minerals, fiber, phytochemicals, and antioxidants. Refinedgrans are stripped of bran and germ during processing. What are whole grains and what are the dietary guidelines? (Healthy Eating WB)- Unrefined grains that contain bran, germ, and endosperm. - Dietary Guidelines – help you jude the quality of you food. Published every five years. What are some characteristics of saturated fats? Of unsaturated fats? (Page 69) - Saturated fats – their fatty acid chains are “saturated” with hydrogen. - Unsaturated fats – their fatty acid chains have one or more areas that are not “saturated” with hydrogen. Which fat is most hazardous to your health? (Page 70)- Trans fatWhat is fiber and what are some health benefits of eating it? (Page 75) - Fiber – a non-digestible complex carbohydrate that aids in digestion. Health benefits:o Helps promote bowel regularityo Aid in weight managemento Lowers blood cholesterolDefine DRI recommendations. Which four groups are included in DRI recommendations?(Page 77) - DRI – a set of energy and nutrients recommendations for supporting good health. The four groups are;o (RDR) Recommended dietary Allowanceso (AI) Adequate intakeso (UL) Tolerable Upper Intake Levelso (EAR) Estimated Average RequirementsDietary cholesterol is only found in all food products. (Healthy Eating WB)What is one of the biggest sources of sugar in our diets? (Healthy Eating WB)- Packaged foods and sodaAccording to “My Plate,” meat and other protein foods should fill 25 % of your plate. (Healthy Eating WB)According to “My Plate,” protein foods and grains should fill 50 % of your plate. (Healthy Eating WB)Chapter 6 Weight ManagementFor a person trying to lose weight, a weight loss goal of 2 pounds per week is healthy and realistic. (Notes)What is metabolic syndrome and what are its risk factors? (Page 118) - A group of obesity-related factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, including: large waistline, high triglycerides. Low HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high fasting blood glucose.Explain the concept of energy balance. (Page 119) -The state achieved when energy consumed from food is equal to energy expended, maintaining body weight. Energy in energy out (calories)What Big 3 factors have contributed to Americans’ dramatic weight gain over recent years? (Page 119)- Increased Calorie Consumption- Lack of Physical Activity- Differences in Basic Energy NeedsWhat does the majority of the energy a person utilizes daily goes toward? (Page 120)- Basal metabolism – basic physiological processes Give some examples of environmental factors that contribute to weight gain. (Page 121)-Not enough side walks-Long work and school days-Stress-Little time to cook-Popular fast food places-Food-related advertising-No supermarkets What are the two main causes of obesity in college students? (Page 122)- Excess to more calories and less physical activity. What factors should be considered when evaluating whether or not a person is at ahealthful weight? (Page 123) - What is a healthful range of weight for you?- What’s your body composition?- How old are you?- How does gender factors in?- What’s your body type?What is waist-to-hip ratio and what does it assess? Which body shape is considered most hazardous to your health? (Page 123-124 and Notes) - It’s determined by dividing your waist circumference by your hip circumference. - Apple shapeWhat is BMI? What is the BMI range for each of these categories: underweight, healthful weight, overweight and obese? (Page 123) -BMI – A numerical measurement, calculated rom height and weight that will result in a BM between 18.5 and 24.9.o Underweight – 17-18o Healthy weight – 18.5-24o Overweight – 25-29o Obese – 30-35What are the limitations of using BMI as an indicator of healthful weight? (Page 123) -It’s not a reliable indicator for everyone. Especially for athletes with large amounts of muscle. What are some effective strategies to safely and effectively reach a healthful weight? (Page 124-127) - Modify Your Eating Habits- Seek Support- Diets (some of them Ex. Weight watchers) Why do many popular diets have high failure rates? (Page 127) - Hunger and appetite compel us to eatWhat are some important guidelines to achieve a healthy fat