AST 115 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I. What is science?a. “Laws”b. Important aspectsII. The Scientific Methoda. StepsIII. The 5th illusion in the night skyIV. Ptolemy’s Geocentric Theorya. Was it a successful theory?V. Introduction to astrologyOutline of Current Lecture I. Arguments against astrologyII. Heliocentric Theorya. Nicholas CopernicusIII. Tycho Brahea. Tohannes KeplerCurrent Lecture Arguments against astrology:o Statistical - Millions of people in the world have the same birth date, which also means they have the same horoscope. However, they do not all have the same fates.o Cause and effect- What force can explain the alleged relation? Strong nuclear Strongest force Electromagnetic Weak nuclear Gravity Weakest force- We can eliminate nuclear forces because they can only operate under short distances; the planets are too far to exert these forces on us.- Electromagnetic forces = long range force. Planets having electromagneticforces has not been discovered or proven. Even if planets did have These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.electromagnetic forces, we still do not have any magnetic forces, so the relationship could not occur).- Gravity = question of relative strength. The gravitational force of the planets on us is very small (insignificant).o Precession- Signs of the zodiac were associated with constellations of the zodiac when natal astrology began. The Vernal Equinox was in Aries at the time. Due to about 2000 years of precession, the signs are different than the constellations. The Vernal Equinox is now in Pisces, almost into Aquarius. Example: The sign associated with the constellation Gemini is nowin Taurus. Heliocentric Theoryo Centric : what is at the center of the solar systemo Helio: Suno Nicholas Copernicus (1473 – 1543) Poland- He re-proposed the concept of the Sun-centered solar system.- His book “De Revolutionibus” was published in 1543 (after his death).- Established the correct order of the planets: Sun Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn- The Moon orbits Earth and all planets orbit the Sun counterclockwise in circular orbits. Mercury orbits the fastest; Saturn orbits the slowest. (He had to add epicycles in order to match Ptolemy’s accuracy.) Reason: the planets’ orbits are ellipses, not circles. Tycho Brahe (1546 – 1601) Denmarko One of the greatest observational astronomers. He carefully made non-telescopicmeasurements for positions of the planets over two decades.o Brahe read Copernicus’ book, but doubted the heliocentric theory. He made observations of the planets to help him decide which theory was direct.o He measured the parallax of the Moon, comets, but failed for stars (made up his own hybrid theory). o Tycho Brahe was not talented in math, so he hired an assistant who was.- Tohannes Kepler (1571 – 1630) Germanyo Brahe died and his assistant took over his
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