Intro to Communicative Disorders1/29/15Chapter 12Where did Communication Sciences and Disorders Come from?The need to study the history of the profession:- Become aware of mistakes of others- “Rediscover” something discarded in the past- Study effective and ineffective intervention strategies- Realize age of information is not necessarily what’s important- See the impact of culture on a profession Milestones through History 2000 B.C.o Middle Egyptian Dynasty reference to stuttering o “To speak haltingly” or “to walk haltingly with the tongue, as one who is sad” 1300 B.C.o Bible Reference to Moses’ speech disorder (stuttering?) 400 B.C.o Thucydides Greek historian Described the condition of an anomic aphasiao Handicapped citizens in Greece and Rome referred to by their afflictions Balbus- surname of people with speech disorderso Hippocrates Greek historian Recorded the treatment of a man who stutteredo Attempts to understand the brain  350 B.C.o Demosthenes Greek orator Treated for speech disorder with speech exerciseso Aristotle Greek philosopher Thought stuttering was due to defective movements of the tongue A.D. 25o Celcus “Hippocrates of the Romans” Considered malfunctioning of the tongue to be cause of most speech disorders A.D. 685o St. John of Beverly  Bishop Helped a deaf boy acquire speech  A.D. 1000o Abu Ali Hussain Avicenna Court physician of Arabia Blamed tongue for causing stuttering  A.D. 1500o Ambroise Pare French physician Used an obturator for treating cleft palateo Pedro de Ponce Spanish Benedictine monk Educated deaf people  A.D. 1600o Juan Pablo Bonet Spanish monk  Recommended use of sign language Wrote first book on deaf educationo Lord Francis Bacon English philosopher Wrote treatise on speech disorderso Dr. Nichols Tulp Wrote case study on “Johannes the Dumb”o John Bulwer English physician  Taught lip-reading  A.D. 1700so Abbe de L’Epee French priest Founded institute for deaf educationo Le Mounier French dentist  Performed first cleft palate surgeryo Johann Konrad Amman Swiss physician Viewed stuttering as a vicious habito Johann Gottfried van Hahn German physician Blamed stuttering on the hyoid boneo Moses Mendlessohn Jewish philosopher Believed stuttering was caused by too many ideas flowing from the brain  A.D 1800-1850o Erasmus Darwin English physician Introduced “light contacts” for therapyo J.M.G Itard French physician  Advocated “gymnastics” for the tongue for therapyo Yates New York physician Believed glottal spasms caused stutteringo Johann Frederick Dieffenbach German surgeon Attempted to cure stuttering via surgeryo First laryngectomy performed  1851-1900o William John Little English physician Comprehensive description of cerebral palsyo Alexander Graham Bell Taught speech to individuals with hearing impairment Profession of communication sciences emergedo Gutzmans founded the Berlin School of Speech and Voice Therapyo Speech therapy provided in elementary schools in Germany o The Association of Teachers of Remedial Speech Training established in Germany  1901-1924o Speech therapy offered via private practice in the USo Centers for treating speech disorders established throughout the world in major citieso WW1- hospitals for treating speech/language disorders resulting from brain injuryo Psychoananlysis incorporated with treatmento International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics held first convention  1925-1945o Rapid growth of the professiono American Academy of Speech Correction formed in 1925 (now ASHA)o First issue of the Journal of Speech Disorders published o Government funding started being provided to defray the cost of education “Speech Defectives”o Colleges and universities began educating SLP’so WW2 increased the need for services for individuals with brain injury (VA hospitals)o Audiology began as separate profession  1945-2005o Number of SLP training programs tripled in USo ASHA set certification requirementso States began licensing professionals and setting scope of practice guidelines Social Influences on Intervention- Cultures view of what’s “normal” and what’s not- Freudian psychoanalysis- Pragmatic theory- how it’s used in context; who said what to whom: how and when - Evidence-based practices- looking at what worked and didn’t work in the past - New and revolutionary may be actually rediscovered from the