1-20-15Chapter 2: Communication DisordersWhat is a Communication Disorder?ASHA’s (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association) definition- Impairment in ability to:o Receive,o Send,o Process, and comprehendo Concepts or verbal, nonverbal, and graphic symbols system - A communication disorder may be in the processes of hearing, language, and/or speech- May range in severity from mild to profound; mild, moderate, severe or profound- May be developmental or acquired- May demonstrate disorder alone or in combination- May be primary disability or secondary to others- A noticeable difference must exist (Van Riper & Erickson)o Interfere with communicationo Call adverse attention to persono Cause to be self-conscious or maladjusted - Regarded as abnormal by at least one person 3 Aspects of the Van Riper Definition- “Perceived deviation from normal”1. “Interferes with communication”a. Hearing (mild, moderate, severe, profound)i. Normal limits(0-25 dB)- no significant difficulty with faint speechii. Mild hearing loss- difficulty with faint speechiii. Moderate hearing loss- frequent difficulties with normal speechiv. Moderately severe hearing loss- frequent difficulties with loud speechv. Severe hearing loss- can understand only shouted or amplified speechvi. Profound hearing loss- usually cannot understand even amplified speech b. Speech (voice: loudness, pitch, quality)i. (articulation: omission, substitution, distortion)ii. (Fluency: repetitions, prolongations, pauses)iii. (Resonance: Hyper/Hypo nasality)c. Language (receptive, expressive)2. “Calls adverse attention”a. Severity levelsb. Stereotypes3. “Self-conscious or maladjusted”a. Disorder vs. handicapb. Individual reactions determines whether it’s a disorder or handicapImpact on Interpersonal Relationships- Interfering with communication (e.g. intelligibility issues for speaker or listener)- Causes a negative reaction (e.g. stereotypes)- Creating a poor self-image (e.g. embarrassment, frustration, depression, avoidance)Multicultural Issues and Concerns- Culture- ways of thing, talking, understanding, and relating to others that are characteristic of groups of people with a shared history - “disorder” vs.