EXAM 1 REVIEW:What is the definition of politics?Who gets what, when, and howHow to manage conflicts that arise in societyThe process through which individuals and groups reach an agreement on common or collective actionWhat is a public good?Non-excludable, if you give to one you have to give to allOften hurt by the free rider problemA product that one individual can consume without reducing its availability to another individual and from which no one is excludedWhat is a hypothesis?Cause and effect statement; statement about the world that can be proven wrongWhat is collective action and what is the collective action problem?Collective Action -> the pursuit of a goal or set of goals by more than one personCollective Action PROBLEM -> The situation in which multiple individuals would all benefit from a certain action, but has an associated cost making it implausible that any one individual can or will undertake and solve it alone (PRISONERS DILEMMA)What is Article 1 of the constitution about?Congress/Legislation Branch; what it can and cannot do; House of representative and Senate;House of Reps -> members elected directly by voters, every two years, qualifications, based on population, how vacant seats are filledSenate -> Two from each state elected by the people, third voted on every two years/ six year termsWhat is a theory?A statement of general beliefs and assumptions about the state of the worldImplies several hypotheses about the worldWhat is Article 2 of the Constitution about?The Executive Branch/The President; What he can and cannot doElectoral college is used to elect the presidentQualifications to become presidentCommander in Chief to conduct foreign affairsWho were the political philosophers and what did they believe?John Locke (MOST INFLUENTIAL) – Social Contract Theory: govt forms for purpose of security and people trade rights to govt in exchange for protection but retain natural rights (life,liberty,etc.)Thomas Hobbes – life in states of nature is nasty, brutish, and shortWhat is Article 3 of the Constitution about?Judicial BranchGiving courts the power to decide casesJustices and Judges given life tenuresCases that can be brought directly to the supreme courtWhat courts can and cannot doWhat is Article 4 of the Constitution about?Talks about the statesAll states honor laws of other statesCitzens of one state be treated equally and fairly like all citizens of anotherAdmittance of new statesFederal GOVT will protect the states again invasionWhat is Dillons Rule?Legally state governments create and control local governmentsDefined the power of local governments and established the supremacy of state governmentsWhat are Articles 5, 6, and 7 about?Article 5 -> Amending or changing the constitutionArticle 6 -> Sets the constitution and all laws and treaties of the United States to be the supreme law of the countryArticle 7 -> Details the method for ratification, or acceptance of the constitutionWhat are the two views on the establishment of religion?Separationist: govt must avoid contacts with religionAccomodationist: permit govt to provide support for religion and associated activitiesWhat is the Lemon Test?A 3 part test for establishment clause violation announced by the US Supreme Court that examines whether govt policies support religious programs or cause excessive entanglement between govt and religion (LEMON VS KURTZMAN)What is DE FACTO SEGREGATION and DE JURE SEGREGATION?DE FACTO -> Less formal means, Happens “BY FACT” rather than by legal requirement. FOR EXAMPLE – Often the concentration of African-Americans in certain neighborhoods produces neighborhood schools that are predominantly black, or segregated in factDE JURE -> Mandated by law and policies created by GOVT officialsWhat was the Brown VS Board of Education case about?Overturned the Plessy Vs Ferguson CaseGOVT mandated racial segregation in schools and other facilities violates the equal protection clause of the FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTWhat is the difference between Civil Rights and Civil Liberties?Civil Rights -> Positive act of GOVT intended to guarantee each person is treated as an equal – entitled to, freedom to, etc; EXAMPLE – 26th Amendment entitles you to the right to vote and it cannot be deniedCivil Liberties -> Negative act of GOVT; Freedom of action or inaction without unwarranted GOVT intrusion, limits on how far GOVT can invade our lives – freedom from something that the GOVT cannot do; EXAMPLE – 4th Amendment freedom from unreasonable search and seizuresWhy is the FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT important?Applies the BILL OF RIGHTS to the states ( selective incorporation )Due process clause – cannot deny life, liberty, or property without due process of lawNot state should make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges and immunities of citizens of the United StatesWhat is Federalism?Division of power between STATE AND NATIONAL GOVTSDUAL FEDERALISM (LAYER CAKE)COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM (MARBLE CAKE)POLS206: SI SESSION 7/16/13EXAM 1 REVIEW:What is the definition of politics?-Who gets what, when, and how-How to manage conflicts that arise in society-The process through which individuals and groups reach an agreement on common or collective actionWhat is a public good?-Non-excludable, if you give to one you have to give to all-Often hurt by the free rider problem-A product that one individual can consume without reducing its availability to another individual and from which no one is excludedWhat is a hypothesis?-Cause and effect statement; statement about the world that can be proven wrongWhat is collective action and what is the collective action problem?-Collective Action -> the pursuit of a goal or set of goals by more than one person-Collective Action PROBLEM -> The situation in which multiple individuals would all benefit from a certain action, but has an associated cost making it implausible that any one individual can or will undertake and solve it alone (PRISONERS DILEMMA)What is Article 1 of the constitution about?-Congress/Legislation Branch; what it can and cannot do; House of representative and Senate;-House of Reps -> members elected directly by voters, every two years, qualifications, based on population, how vacant seats are filled-Senate -> Two from each state elected by the people, third voted onevery two years/ six year termsWhat is a theory?-A statement of general beliefs and assumptions about the state of the