LECTURE 3 POLS 206 7 11 13 247PEARSONED CUSTHELP COM FOR TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES COURSE ID ferguson35787 SCHOOL ZIP 77843 ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION AFTER THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR WAS WON AMERICA WAS GOVERNED BY IT FROM 1781 1789 ARTICLES WERE WRITTEN BY CONTINENTAL CONGRESS SHORTLY AFTER THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE NOT RATIFIED BY ALL STATES UNTIL 1781 ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION FEATURED o DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM o NATIONAL GOVT WITH LIMITED POWERS o AUTHORITY GRANTED BY STATES NOT DIRECTLY BY CITIZENS o STATES ELECTS NATIONAL OFFICES STATES CAN OVERRIDE NATIONAL DECISIONS UNDER THE ARTICLES THE NATIONAL GOVT HAD LIMITED POWER TO o WAGE WAR o MAKE PEACE NEGOTIATE TREATIES o COIN MONEY o APPOINT OFFICERS FOR ARMY o CREATE A NATIONAL POST OFFICE o REQUEST FUNDING MONEY FROM STATES UNDER ARTICLES o CONGRESS WAS THE NATIONAL DECISION MAKING BODY o EACH STATE RECEIVED ONE VOTE REGARDLESS OF POPULATION o SUPER MAJORITY 2 3 REQUIRED FOR MOST ACTION UNANIMOUS CONSENT TO TAX CITIZENS OR CHANGE ARTICLES o NO FEDERAL COURT SYSTEM o EXECUTIVE WAS MERELY A CONGRESSIONAL ADMINISTRATOR ELECTED BY CONGRESS NO REAL POWER WHAT ARE SOME PROBLEMS WITH THIS FORM OF GOVT ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION o 2 BIG ISSUES THE ECONOMY FOREIGN RELATIONS LACK OF POWER BY FEDERAL GOVT STATES HAVE MORE POWER NO POWERFUL EXECUTIVE TO ENFORCE DECISIONS USED ARMY THAT ALREADY EXISTED COULDN T DRAFT NEW MEMBERS NO FEDERAL COURT SYSTEM TO RESOLVE ISSUES FUNDING FROM STATES FOR THE NATIONAL GOVT WAS VOLUNTARY SO STATES DIDN T GIVE ENOUGH DIFFICULTY OF APPOINTING EFFECTIVE ADMINISTRATIVE EXECUTIVE AGENCIES IT WAS DIFFICULT TO PASS ANYTHING ALSO NO POWERFUL EXECUTIVE THIS IS A PROBLEM WHEN YOURE RUNNING A WAR NO NATIONAL GOVT SUPREMACY CONGRESS COULDN T DRAFT TROOPS RELIED ON STATES SUPERMAJORITY REQUIREMENTS FOR BILL PASSAGE CRIPPLED LEGISLATION ESPECIALLY FOR TAXATION IN 1781 RHODE ISLAND WITH LESS THAN 2 OF AMERICAN POPULATION VETOED A BILL THAT ALL OTHER STATES SUPPORTED TO GIVE CONGRESS POWER TO TAX DEPRESSION OCCURRED IN THE MID 1780S o LARGE NATIONAL DEBT MONEY OWED TO ARMY CURRENCY WEAK INFLATED o PEOPLE START IMPORTING FOOD FOOD PRICES FALL o BIG PROBLEM FOR FARMERS LARGE OF POPULATION o STATES DISCRIMINATE AGAINST EACH OTHER WITH TOLLS IMPORT TAXES o BUT CONGRESS HAS NO AUTHORITY TO REGULAR TRADE B T STATES OR OTHER NATIONS FOREIGN RELATIONS ISSUES o CONGRESS COULDN T EFFECTIVELY NEGOTIATE TREATIES FROM OTHER NATIONS o OR KICK ENGLISH OUT OF AREA NORTH OF OHIO RIVER VALLEY AS THEY WERE SUPPOSE TO DO BY TERMS OF AMERICAN REVOLUTION VICTORY WHAT FINALLY GETS STATES TO TRY TO CHANGE ARTICLES o COMBINATION OF BAD ECONOMY SHAYS REBELLION o SHAYS REBELLION FORMER ARMY CAPTAIN DANIEL SHAY LEADS FARMERS UPSET ABOUT FORECLOSURES OF FARMS ARRESTS FOR DEBT OWED TO BANKS HIS FORCES AT TIMES NUMBERED A COUPLE THOUSAND ARMED MEN o MASSACHUSETTS APPEALS TO NATIONAL GOVT FOR HELP BUT GOVT POWERLESS NO STATES HELP SHAYS REBELLION PUT DOWN WITH PRIVATE MONEY SO FINALLY STATES SEND DELEGATES TO A CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION IN 1787 IN PHILADELPHIA o EXCEPT RHODE ISLAND WHICH CONTINUALLY FRUSTRATED THINGS IN CONGRESS DURING ARTICLES o RHODE ISLAND LAST STATE TO SIGN EVENTUAL CONSTITUTION CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION 55 DELEGATES ONLY 39 SIGN EVENTUAL CONSTITUTION ALL WERE MALE LANDOWNERS BUSINESS AND POLITICAL ELITE MOST HAD POLITICAL EXPERIENCE WELL EDUCATED IN POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY IMPORTANT FIGURES AT THE CONVENTION o GEORGE WASHINGTON o ALEXANDER HAMILTON anti federalist o JAMES MADISON federalist MISSING FROM CONVENTION o THOMAS JEFFERSON JOHN ADAMS ABROAD ENGAGED IN DIPLOMACY o PATRICK GIVE ME LIBERTY OR GIVE ME DEATH HENRY FOUNDERS DILEMMA WANTED A STRONGER CENTRAL GOVT BECAUSE OF THE WEAKNESS OF THE ARTICLES YET FEARED A GOVT THAT WAS TOO STRONG FEARED BOTH ANARCHY AND TYRANNY o GROWING ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY AND UNREST PUT DEBTS AND PROPERTY INTO QUESTION o SPREADING REBELLIONS UNDER ARTICLES SCARED FOUNDERS WANTED TO IMPROVE NATIONAL DELIVERY OF PUBLIC GOODS o DEFENSE FLOW OF COMMERCE o TOO MANY FREE RIDER PROBLEMS UNDER ARTICLES BUT ALSO PROTECTS PAROCHIAL LOCAL INTERESTS o CONSTITUTION WOULD HAVE TO WIN PUBLIC SUPPORT ACROSS THE STATES o WHICH VARIED IN CULTURE AND POLITICAL ECONOMIC DESIRES AND INTEREST FOUNDERS ALSO HAVE PREFERENCE FOR INDIVIDUAL BENEFITS o WANTED TO MAINTAIN A POLITICAL FUTURE FOR THEMSELVES o THEY AFTER ALL HAD FOUGHT RISKED THEIR LIVES BY TREASON TO CREATE COUNTRY IN FIRST PLACE o MANY OF THEM ALSO HAD A LOT TO LOSE FROM CONTINUED RIOTS REBELLION GROWING ANARCHY UNDER ARTICLES FOUNDERS HAD A CONTINENTAL IDEOLOGY o MOST HAD SHARED EXPERIENCE IN CONTINENTAL CONGRESS AND SAW ISSUES IN NATIONAL TERMS FLOW OF COMMERCE o THEY RECOGNIZED THERE WERE PROBLEMS WITH ARTICLES o BUT THERE WAS AN ISSUE OF HOW TO DEFINE THE PROBLEM THEY FACED AT CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION DID THEY NEED BIG CHANGE OR JUST REVISION OF STATUS QUO NOT EVERYONE WANTED TO GET RID OF THE ARTICLES o BUT JAMES MADISON DOES AND HES VERY CLEVER MADISON WAS A DELEGATE TO CONGRESS UNDER ARTICLES HAD SERVED IN VIRGINIA LEGISLATURE o MADISON KNOWS HOW TO SET THE AGENDA OR PRACTICE AGENDA SETTING IN POLITICS THE POWER TO DEFINE THE CHOICES AVAILABLE GIVE YOU THE POWER TO DETERMINE POLITICAL OUTCOMES EXAMPLES SUPPOSE THAT A MEMBER OF A TOWN ASSEMBLY WHO LIKES TO STEAL THINGS IS INVOLVED IN A DECISION TO PUNISH THEIFS TO EITHER CUT OFF THEIR HANDS OR CHARGE THEM 100 FINE FOR STEALING o HOW DOES MADISON USE AGENDA SETTING TO SOLVE THE DILEMMA OVER WHETHER TO REFINE OR SCRAP THE ARTICLES GETS WASHINGTON TO ATTEND CONVENTION GETS HIM ELECTED PRESIDING OFFICER THIS INSTANTLY GIVES PROCEEDINGS AND EVENTUAL OUTCOME LEGITIMACY AND RESPECT o AT THE BEGINNING OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION VIRGINIA DELEGATE INTRODUCES MADISONS PLAN THIS INSTANTLY SET TONE FOR GETTING RID OF ARTICLES VIRGINIA WAS LARGEST MOST POPULOUS STATE SO THIS PUT ADDITIONAL FORCE BEHIND ARGUMENT MADISONS PLAN WAS THE VIRGINIA PLAN VIRGINIA PLAN o 3 BRANCHES OF GOVT LEGISLATIVE EXECUTIVE JUDICIARY o BICAMERAL NATIONAL LEGISLATURES LOWER CHAMBER CHOSEN BY PEOPLE IN EACH STATE UPPER CHAMBER CHOSEN BY LOWER CHAMBER REPRESENTATIVES o NATIONAL LEGISLATURE MAKE ANY LAW AND VETO ANY STATE LEGISLATION o EXECUTIVE SELECTED BY LEGISLATURE FOR SINGLE TERM o JUDGES APPOINTED BY LEGISLATURE FOR LIFE o COUNCIL OF REVISION EXECUTIVE PLUS JUDICIARY CAN VETO LEGISLATION BUT NATIONAL LEGISLATURE CAN OVERRIDE VETO WITH A MAJORITY VOTE o VIRGINIA PLAN HAD MANY ELEMENTS OF EVENTUAL CONSTITUTION NATIONAL GOVT WITH