BCOR 103 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I Cell Theory History II Cell Imaging and Microscopy III Immunofluorescence IV Confocal Scanning Microscopy Outline of Current Lecture I The Evolution of Cells II Basic Physics and Energy III Basic Chemistry IV Organic Bio molecules Current Lecture Cell theory states that all life stems from preexisting life If this theory is true then then there must have been a primordial cell that evolved into all the types of life that lives now There are two laws in physics that apply to cell biology The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed only changed into different forms The second law states the entropy of an isolated system does not decrease over time There are two types of energy kinetic and potential The three types of kinetic energy are thermal motion radiant photon movement and electric movement of charged particles Potential energy is the energy that particles chemicals objects or systems contain to do work i e a bowling ball on a high shelf There are three different chemical bonds ionic bonds covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds An ionic bond is one where electrons are transferred Covalent bonds are one where electrons are shared between two atoms A hydrogen bond is when the partial negative charge of the hydrogen atom is attracted to the slight positive charge of other polar molecules There are four major molecules in biology lipids carbohydrates nucleic acids and nucleotides and amino acids and proteins All carbohydrates have the general formula Cn H20 n Carbohydrates have two general forms monosaccharides and disaccharides Monosaccharides are glucose fructose and galactose Disaccharides are composed of two or These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute more monosaccharides For example two glucose molecule combined makes maltose Complex carbohydrates make things like amylose or cellulose Lipids are hydrophobic molecules There are three major subtypes phospholipids sterols and fatty acids Phospholipids are triacylglycerols with two fatty acid head groups and one negatively charged phosphate Sterols are comprised of hydrogens and carbons into a chain Sterols often make up hormones Fatty acids come in threes making up triacylglycerols and they can be unsaturated or saturated Unsaturated means that there could be more hydrogen atoms in the compound Nucleotides are made up of a phosphate group a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base Nitrogenous bases come in two forms purines and pyrimidines Purines are adenine and guanine Pyrimidines are uracil thymine and cytosine Nucleotides form nucleic acids which forms RNA and DNA DNA transcribes amino acids Amino acids come together to form proteins
View Full Document
Unlocking...