CLAS 160B1 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture II. Mycenaean Period: ca. 1600-1200 BCIII. Dark Age: ca. 1200-750 BCIV. Archaic Age: ca. 750-500 BCV. Classical Period: 5th-4th C. BCVI. Persian Wars: 490s-479 BCVII. Athenian Empire: 477-430s BCVIII. Peloponnesian War: 431-404 BCIX. Rise of Macedonia: 340s-323 BCX. Hellenistic Age: 323-30 BCXI. Social and Family Rolesa. Menb. Womenc. SlavesOutline of Current Lecture II. GilgameshIII. Epic of Gilgamesh TextIV. Gilgamesh & EnkiduV. Gilgamesh & DeathVI. Ancient Hero Motifsa. Adventuresb. The Hero & Othersc. EndingsVII. Ancient Heroine StoriesVIII. Ancient Greek Hero StoriesCurrent LectureII. GilgameshA. Mesopotamian hero, King of Uruka. Created by mother goddessi. Unusual birth/ childhoodb. 2/3 divine, 1/3 mortalB. Epic of Gilgamesha. Tells story of Gilgamesh’s heroic exploitsC. Long written & oral traditionThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Changed, adapted over timeD. Parallels with Greek hero storiesa. Near Eastern influenceIII. Epic of Gilgamesh Texta. Not single uniform texti. Different versions in different placesb. Tradition from end of 3rd millennium BC i. Oldest version (discovered) in Sumerian (late 3rd millennium BC)ii. Standard version in Akkadian (mid-1st millennium BC)c. 11 tablets, 6 columns eachd. FragmentaryIV. Gilgamesh & Enkidua. Gilgamesh characterized as a tyranti. Council of gods: create rival for Gilgamesh (Enkidu)b. Enkidu i. Wild man civilized ii. A prostitute from the city is sent into the woods to sleep with him iii. The animals don’t want anything to do with him afterwards iv. Challenge to Gilgameshc. Friendship of Gilgamesh & Enkidui. Joint heroic exploits1. Humbaba2. Bull of HeavenV. Gilgamesh & Deatha. Council of gods: death for Enkidui. Anger over Humbaba & Bull of Heavenb. Gilgamesh’s griefi. Catalog of mournersii. Refusal to bury c. Journey to the Underworldi. Questions Ut-napishtimii. Ut-napishtim’s story is similar to the Arc of Noahiii. He was the only man to become immortal1. The gods wanted to wipe away the current human population2. Ut-natpishtim and his wife were saved because they were “good”d. Rejuvenating planti. Stolen by a snakee. Return to Uruki. Accepted inevitable faithf. - His people (subjects of Uruk) remembered him for the wall he built not as a tyrantVI. Ancient Hero Motifsa. Adventuresi. Extraordinary birth/childhood1. May be partly divineii. Hero must prove his worth1. Completing impossible tasks, quests, adventures2. Conquering of beasts & monsters3. Hero may refuse initiallyiii. Overcoming death1. Trips to Underworld (real or virtual/symbolic) common2. May become divine or immortalb. The Hero & Othersi. Opposition from enemies1. Royal usurpers common2. May instigate challenges to eliminate hero3. Not always developed villainsii. Helped by gods and/or humansiii. Symbols or tokens of recognition1. Identify hero to othersiv. Death of friends(s)1. Substitute for death of hero2. Hero may be/feel responsiblec. Endingsi. Rewards1. Marriage2. Kingship, political power3. Wealth4. Knowledge through sufferingii. Important hero roles1. Civilizer2. Founder (of a city, ext.)3. Savior, protectorVII. Ancient Heroine Storiesa. Extraordinary women often included in hero storiesi. Heroines help and/or destroy heroesb. Common motifs:i. Girl leaves homeii. Girl is secluded or imprisonediii. Girl becomes pregnant by god or hero (happens a lot with the mother of the hero)iv. Girl is ultimately rescued and gives birthVIII. Ancient Greek Hero Storiesa. Connected to important cities of Mycenaean Periodi. Historical places (and people?)ii. Fantastical storiesb. Extraordinary people & eventsi. Generations of important familiesii. Interactions with godsiii. Quests, laborsc. - Link Greeks to distant