EBIO 1220 1st Edition Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture I. Class Intro and SyllabusOutline of Current Lecture II. Darwinian Revolutiona. Science in the 1700sb. Charles Darwin Changes ThingsIII. Evolution is FactIV. How Does Evolution Work?a. Natural Selectionb. Key Ingredients for Natural SelectionCurrent LectureII. Darwinian Revolutiona. Science in the 1700si. Earth is young (thousands of years old)ii. Environment is unchangingiii. Species do not changeiv. All species have remained the same since creation (Aristotle)v. No such thing as “new” speciesb. Charles Darwin Changes Thingsi. Charles Darwin (1809-1882)ii. Voyage of HMS Beagle1. 1831-18362. 22 years old3. Scientific collection of plants, animals, rocks, fossils4. Young islands of the Galapagos each supported uniquelya. Adapted species- finchesi. Closely related to each other and to mainland speciesii. Diverged over time b/c of isolation1. Differing beak shapes for differing diets5. Published On the Origin of Species (1859)iii. Descent with Modification: species evolve and change over time and derive from a common ancestorThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iv. Adaptations: characteristics that enhance organism’s survival and ability to reproduce in a specific environmentv. Evolution: change in genetic composition of species over time, such that species alive today are descendants of ancestral speciesIII. Evolution is Facta. Modern organisms differ from recent fossil organismsb. Many modern forms not present in early fossil recordsc. Pathogens change from antibiotic susceptible to antibiotic resistantd. Species have gone extinct in our lifetimesIV. How Does Evolution Work?a. Natural Selection: evolutionary process by which individuals w/ certain heritable traits leave more offspring than individuals w/ other traitsi. Darwin had no idea about genes at this time, but hypothesized an heritable componentb. Key Ingredients for Natural Selectioni. Individuals w/in a species varyii. Some of these variations are heritableiii. More offspring are produced than can surviveiv. Survival and reproduction are non-randomv. Traits that confer survival and reproductive advantages will increase in frequency in the