Differential association a social learning theory of crime Coaching of how to act Criminal behavior is learned by being around other people who do that behaviors Edward Sutherland Mimic those around you and learn how to commit the crime Rational choice theory people weigh the costs and benefits and act If benefits outweigh the costs than they will commit the act Bounded rationality we make shortcuts based on imperfect information Rationality of individuals is limited to the information that they have A person can only know so much Labeling theory nothing is deviant unless classified as deviant Labels are sticky and once they are assigned they are viewed through that lenses It s hard to get rid of Howard Becker laws applied differently to different people Deviance is in the eye of the beholder William Chambliss saints the roughnecks The saints were upper class boys from good families They were truant in school drunk drove and caused traffic accidents but never got in trouble They stayed away from their own community when they committed the crimes so they were invisible The roughnecks were lower class seen as bad were always in trouble and were viewed as more deviant because their visibility Rosenhan labels are sticky and powerful Surroundings and situation affect what you are labeled as Moral panics an exaggerated response to a perceived problem Widespread freak out over a small or nonexistent issue Mountain out of a molehill Stanley Cohen Intense public concern that isn t as bad as people say it is Disproportionality folk devils timing Goode Ben Yehuda Satanic ritual abuse panic McMartin Preschool the interrogation of the children and how they were asked questions made this a bigger deal than it should have been Judy Johnson was the first to file chargers and accuse Drug prohibition prevent use of legal recreational drug use Edgewater homeless homeless crack and heroin addicts Crack epidemic cocaine became expensive so they made it cheaper by making it into crack All American middle class drug Neoliberalism ideology System of unregulated capitalism and free enterprise No government regulation over business and market Protect private property and small businesses Against taxes and government funded programs Writers are against neoliberalism They want more government action to help addiction problems Neoliberalists would vote to defund these programs Anti drug abuse act of 1986 we have a massive prison population made up of especially young African American men Mandatory minimum sentences In prisons for nonviolent crimes Young white men are the highest users but least likely to be incarcerated Can t get jobs vote welfare public housing cycle of poverty Objectivist theories of crime rational choice theory differential association Why do some people become criminal or deviant Constructivist theories of crime labeling theory moral panic theory Questioning why people decide a certain behavior is deviant or bad Moral economy culture of sharing among Edgewater homeless to keep them safe Holds the community together fights off dope sickness Sharing resources Sharing cotton without paying Sharing Web of mutual obligation Establishes boundary of community Also involved constant hustling Habitus ingrained culture born into a specific social situation it is our deepest likes dislikes worldviews inborn social differences Commonsense understanding of the world Allows for symbolic violence to happen Manufacturing economy homelessness Symbolic violence cause to people misrecognize inequality as natural Social and cultural domination of one group over another Inability to see the structural problem so they blame themselves They don t see the sterile aspect habitus what society says of it and blame their selves Public outreach programs do this by focusing on the addicts lack of self control and not realizing they are chemically addicted Places blame on the individual When Tina goes to get help and once she is sober and clean after 20 something days they let her go and she falls back into habits She blames herself even though it s the programs fault Lumpen abuse people who are considered poorest in our society Homeless drug addicts Self destruction because of different power structures Abuse that specifically happens to these people Abuse because differing values and morals Chapter about money Relationships with bosses shows this they give the employees just enough money for heroin Getting arrested for feeding the homeless people Getting paid less than immigrants No healthcare system unless they re dying Intimate apartheid racial tensions and segregation between Edgewater homeless in the streets System of racial oppression Prejudice Don t want to live with blacks Talk bad about each other Break this term when it comes to moral economy when it comes to withdrawal What is the purpose of the book To show structural forces that affect homeless drug addicts clarify relationships between large scale power forces and show intimate ways of being able to explain addicts and violence Explain why the U S the wealthiest nation in the world has emerged as a pressure cooker for producing destitute addicts embroiled in everyday violence Portray the details of the agony and ecstasy of street survival without beatifying or making a spectacle of individuals and without reifying larger forces enveloping them Reify to think or treat something abstract as if it existed as a real and tangible object How do harm reduction programs promote symbolic violence toward the homeless addicts They help with the self blame They say all the bad things people will get with injecting heroin using bad needles people in these programs are trying to help out but only increase self blame How do the recommendations of harm reduction programs interact with the moral economy of the addicts Exchange dirty needles for clean ones Describe the structural violence of the healthcare system against the homeless addicts Is this a form of abuse Addicts always come into ask for help and many of the times the nurses and doctors are rude to them and don t help with many of their symptoms Lumpen abuse Know that they are homeless addicts so they treat them wrongly What are some ways that neoliberalism reinforces the marginalization of impoverished drug addicts Defunding addiction programs Since they take away these programs they are forcing symbolic violence because they aren t setting up help once the addicts become sober What are some differences