BSC 114 1st Edition Lecture 2A. Water & Life- our cells are composed of 70%-95% waterB. Water is Essential to Life- water acts a universal solvent- all chemical reactions take place in water- water transports substances from one place to another in the body to anotherex.) blood is actually 90% waterC. 7 Characteristics of Wateraka: 7 consequences of hydrogen bonding1. Polar- because the electrons surround the oxygen atoms due to its highelectronegativity. Resulting in hydrogen bonding/bonds2. Solvent- things dissolve easily in water via hydrogen bonding, which breaks downevery solute easily3. High Specific Heat- heat - amount of energy absorbed per increase in temperature- the hydrogen bonds between water molecules are weak and temporary.This causes molecules to break apart, but takes more energy to do soex.) a pan will heat faster and become instantly hot; however,water in a pan will take longer to get warm due to water’shydrogen bonds.4. Cohesion & Adhesion- bonds cause water molecules to cohere with each other and adhere withother molecules- cohesion - ability for molecules to stick to one another- accounts for surface tensionex.) Jesus insect - bug that can “walk on water” dueto surface tension- adhesion - ability for molecules to stick to other surfaces(other polarmolecules)ex.) water molecules moves from tree roots and travels up andthrough the vascular system to supply the tree with water-5. Surface Tension- causes water to bead up on surfaces due to cohesion through hydrogenbondsex.) water beads on a leaf or table6. pH Levels- potential Hydrogens- measures the concentrations of Hydrogen ionsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- different amounts of hydrogen varies the pH level in water.ex.) too much hydrogen = acidic too little hydrogen = basic- Ranges from 0-14- the lower the number, the higher the acidityex.) 0-6 = acidic- the higher the number, the more basicex.) 8-14 = basic- 7 is the neutral zone-buffers - “parents of children” = they resist change in pH levels bymaintain a balance by either giving up or taking in Hydrogen ions7. Ionization- water molecules split to smaller particles due to adjacent Hydrogenbond forces- water breaks down into hydrogen ions(H+)and hydroxide ions(OH-)D. 3 States of Water1. Liquid- most dense of all three states- random hydrogen bonds connect water molecules to one another. Theserandom bonds are shorter then solid water molecules2. Solid- Hydrogen bonds form in a lattice formation3. Gas- least dense- when enough heat can break down hydrogen bonds that connect the watermoleculesE. Acid and Bases- Acid - a compound that ionizes to release Hydrogen ionsex.) HCL -> H+ Cl-- Base - a compound that ionizes to release OH- ionsex.) NaOH -> Na + + OH- <-- when a solute dissolves in water and doesn't ionize to either a base or acid, its called