Psychological Disorders What defines a psychological disorder baron maladaptive distress abnormal Interferes w daily life DSM 5 categorizes all the disorders Criticisms gives a label to disorders political disagreements categorizes every day things as a disorder caffeine Rosenham Study faked schizo and were released w recovering Mood disorders Major Depression decreased left frontal activity low sero and low norepinephrine SSRI s PROZAC and SNRI s MAO inhibitors breaks down enzymes for serotnine and noRep no wine and cheese tricyclics 3 different things DA HT 5 NeRep occurs more in women 2 weeks consistently 1 5 people have major depression Cognitive treatments less likely to relapse Abrahmson Learned Helplessness model internal stable global Beck s cognitive triad self world future negative views Beck uses more support therapy to explain Albert Ellis Rational Emotive Theory pointing out how stupid the client is ActivatingBelieftsConsequences Lehwinsohns Reinforcement Theory Failure to get reinforcement from the world Bipolar Disorder depression lasts longer than mania Treated by lithium need enough but too much is bad Stuck on it Depressions Low HT 5 and low norepinephrine Decreased left frontal activity Mania Low HT 5 and high norepinephrine 89 reoccur No gender difference HIGHEST INHERITABLE DISEASE Suicide 450 000 900 000 attempt 38 000 completions Women attempt more and men complete more more lethal ways 25 are drunk 70 had alcohol recently Increase in s in elderly 10th most common causes of death 3rd most common way for kids 50 of college students have thought about it 10 attempt People talk about it which is bad People do it even if they don t want to die but they see it as their only way of escape Other disorders other than depressions also do it terminal illness Risk may increase with improvement in mood 2 reasons people commit suicide surcease death as only answer manipulation prove a point Mania Schizophrenia inconsistent w thoughts actions and behaviors Freud oral stage Antipsychotic drugs Used to be prefrontal lobotomy muniz nobel prize Too much dopamine drugs block reuptake of it Positive symptoms hallunincaitons and delusions NEGAtive speech emotion affect socialness Social drift hypoth no matter what class you ll fall down Lower in SES More risk older father kids who were born in winter and north America marijuana use welch and semple double blind communication with mom hospitalized parent Brain abnormalities decreased activation in frontal areas of brain Trouble filtering Larger ventricles overall smaller brain Drugs block DA receptors Limbic System had too much symptmoms and Frontal cortex had not enough DA sympt Catatonic movement ones Disorganized no speech Paranoia hallucinations Undiferentiated com of 3 Residual recovering Anxiety disorders stuck in anal stage More common in women Disorders in general behavioral therapies Panic out of the blue Phobic reason scared of specific They know there s more fear than rational Displacing put on horse instead of dad when its really dad Can be Learned Obsessive Compulsive Disorder 3 of population Systematic desensitization wolpe Flooding Social learning DRUGS benzodiazapines and SSRI s Anorexia Nervosa super skinny Least common but deadliest Restricting and purging Bulimia Nervosa normal weights with binge eat Puringing Non purging ate buffet on Friday and then didn t eat rest of week Binge Eating Diroser Closer in gender More and more common Note for all these disorders you should know prominent symptoms causes possible causes where discussed in class and have some sense of incidence rates though not exact You don t need to know conversion or somatoform disorders dissociatitve disorders disorders of childhood or personality disorders Treatment Types of Psychotherapies Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic therapies Behavior therapies Humanistic therapies Sigmund FreudCarl Rogers humanistic therapies Client centered approach Aaron Beck Beck s cognitive therapies and triad Negative views of world self and future Albert Ellis Rational Emotive Theory Tells patient how stupid they are Activating Beliefs Consequences Abrahamsons learned helplessness model dogs cognitive therapies rational emotive therapy albert ellis ABC drug therapy know the differences between classes of psychiatric medications e g SSRI vs MAOI but you don t need to be able to distinguish between Prozac and Zoloft electroshock psychosurgery managed care Is therapy effective You won t be tested on Gestalt Group Couple or Family Therapy Social Psychology Cognitive dissonance inconsistent with your beliefs and actions Festinger and Carlsmith Primacy Effect Solomon Asch positive things listed first First impressions Self Fulfilling Prophecy You think someone is bitchy so you approach them bitchy Social comparison we compare how we re doing based on how others Conformity we wanna go along with group norm Line test Asch Compliance doing what others ask Not authority Low ball low cost and then talk about other fees Foot in door Door in face That s not all free stuff Resiprocity giving for free now don t you wanna donate Scarcity fast approaching deadline only 15th minutes left Hard to Get Justification giving reason for success attribution consensus what others are doing consistency how they act across time and distinctiveness other situations Self serving bias success is internal failures are external Fundamental attribution error Actor Observer sidewalk tripping People think other people are stupid when they fail and that the situation is stupid when we fail Asch primacy effect Obedience following peoples orders now from an authority figure More likely to follow them if they re in a white lab coat standing in the room Milgram s studies shocking people Prosocial behavior i e Altruism Social Facilitation Social Loafing Bystander effect Love and attraction Factors influencing attraction Romantic love Group Processes You don t need to know aggression Note that this list may not be exhaustive