Psychological Disorders 04 16 2014 48 an underestimate of population will have a psychological disorder sometime in their life 25 a year see below We tend to think about groups statistics not real people which we should be Younger adults and children are showing higher rates than 48 would suggest What is a psychological disorder Barron Thought and behavior that are maladaptive and cause problems in individuals daily functioning Cause them distress Abnormal deviates from norm lefties PhD s Maladaptive behavior is disruptive better explanation than abnormal But not everyone w disorder meets that criteria Personal Distress Nothing fun Don t WANT it Combination of three factors make up a good definition of psychological disorders Subjective aspects here 1 Year prevalence Rates 26 2 of adults suffer from a diagnosable disorder each year Many people suffer and go untreatable or as a part of uncollected data 21 of Children suffer from a diagnosable disorder each year Comorbidity is more than one disorder at the same time common Explaining Psychological Disorders CLICKER QUESTION Why do people develop psychological disorders Chemical imbalances environmental factors genetics early childhood experiences distorted thought processes They all interact together Biological Approach Abnormal behavior results from physical dysfunction See s it as illness o Chemical imbalances o Over Under activation distorted thoughts o Genetics Psychological Explanations Result of past and present life experiences o Psychodynamic intrapsychic conflict freud ig superego ego o Behavioral abnormal behavior is learned o Cognitive distorted thinking Ppl w depression feel hopeless they can t succeed that thinking leads to depression Sociocultural Explanations Disorders occur within the context of society o There s a contribution of society and culture into development of disorders Never saw them in western culture until recently EX Eating Disorders Society influences it America s high standards Pibloktoq Brief psychotic disorder seen in populations in artic circle Brief excitement eat poop tear off clothes seizures Recover after 12 24 hours don t remember any Koro Seen in pop of south east asia Hysterical People concered genitals are retracting into body leading to death Engaging in masturbation or eating tainted food to PULL genitals back out of body Different cultures do diff things Some cultures adolescents go by themselves in their rooms and don t go by people some U S rebel against parents All need care just show it in different ways Gender Some disorders are more common in women and some in men These vary by culture Incidence Rates of Common Psychological Disorders Types of disorder Men Women o Anxiety 19 31 o Depression 15 24 o Substance Abuse 35 18 o Schizophrenia 0 6 0 8 o Antisocial Personality 6 1 Women encouraged to have and talk about feelings o Men encouraged not to talk about feelings gay turn to substances o Anxiety Depression Substance Abuse Antisocial Personality higher suicide rate Differences in Power Women have to worry about threats to safety in ways that men don t Women more likely to be targets of assult and violence Mental Illness as a Myth What causes it Thomas Szaz problems in living not mental illness A way to label people we don t wanna think about If someone is crazy it s easier to ignore them Also when we use a diagnostic label we re taking power and responsibility away from them Gives us a convenient way to get out of things Need experts to help change behavior can t do it themselves Interactionist Approach No single cause Can t reduce abnormal or normal behavior There s multiple forces all work together Forces o Diathesis stress model we all have a tendency or risk towards disorders but we need some sort of environmental event for it to manifest itself o Biopsycholosocial Model Biological psychological and social disorders Combination of them Our experiences change biological structure change neurochemicals change the way we think interact with the world Each of the 3 influence each other Changing the way we think about the world can impact the severity of disorder and its symptoms or even if it s there at all Treating Psychological Disorders Treatment s based on understanding of disorder Biological disorder Biological treatment Psychological disorder Psychological treatment Trephining Skull s w holes in them Used to treat psychological disorders Due to evil forces trapped in people s head Holes were exits for evil spirits Ancient times o Greeks believed in 4 juices an imbalance in them produces disorder o Beating the Devil out of them Dark Ages St Mary s of Bethlehem Renaissance Beginning of insane asylum Throw in prison until they get better Phillipe Pinel Moral therapy movement treat people kindly to help get better Unchaining the inmates of asylum Pinel believed in kindness and giving them decent work and talking about problems Major advance Clicker Question Which theory explains Britney Spears shaving her head Socio Cultural Explanations her fame is under a lot of pressure from fans and press We can look at behavior and roles and dimensions and environment to help diagnose Clicker Question What percentage of population has diagnosable psychological disorder at some point in their life 45 Adults 26 Children 21 Biomedical Biological Therapies All because of biological problems Do something in to brain to treat Psychosurgery removing part of brain associated with disorder o Prefrontal lobotomy schizophrenia solution bad choice o Destroying small part of cortex Used for extreme OCD o HM s surgery to treat epilepsy Electroconvulsive Therapy Alter brain activation through electricity current Trying to change patterns of brain activation Depression Drug Therapies Medication to alter behavior Most common o Drugs alleviate symptoms but DON T CURE DISORDER Nature of Psychotherapy Psychotherapy a form of treatment where trained professionals use psychological techniques to help ppl in need Insight Therapy Gain understanding of disorder causes Where thinking has gone wrong Behavior Therapy John Watson advocated for behavioral psych behavioral therapy is not interested in WHY just interested in changing the way you act in the world Simply change actions Teach to engage in other behaviors to get over disorder Some therapists stick to one approach many use Eclectic Techniques more than 1 approach Psychological Disorders Lecture 2 Therapeutic Approaches 04 16 2014 Psychodynamic Therapies