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UNT PSYC 3620 - Exam #3 Review of Objectives

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Socio- Emotional Development, Part IEarly Personality Development Theoryo Describe psychodynamic theories (revisit pages 29-34)o Strengthso Weaknesseso Understand Erikson’s & Freud’s theories of development& how they differ, specifically in relation to:o Primary conflicts & dilemmaso What constitutes a resolution & what happens if a conflict is not resolvedo Understand the concept of temperament, including the different approacheso Psychodynamic theoriesAges Freud’s Psychosexual stagesErikson’s Psychosocial StagesInfancy Oral Pleasure is focused on the mouth & “taking in”Trust v. MistrustDevelopment of trust in maternal care & in one’s own ability to cope v. hopelessnessToddlerhoodAnal Pleasure is focused on the anal region & control of one’s own body & its productsAutonomy v. Shame &DoubtIndependence & self-control v. lack of confidencePreschool PhallicPleasure is focused on the genital area; development of the “family romance”Initiative v. GuiltExuberant activity v. overcontrolSchool AgeLatencySexual energy goes undergroundIdentity v. Integration of previous experiences to form anas child focuses on peers & learningInferiority identity v. confusion about one’s role in societyAdolescenceGenitalSexual energy reaches adult level, with focus on intimate relationshipsIdentity v. Role ConfusionIntegration of previous experiences to form an identity v. confusion about one’s role in societyEarly AdulthoodIntimacy v. IsolationAbility to form close relationships v. fear of losing the selfMiddle AdulthoodGenerativity v. StagnationGuiding the next generation v. preoccupation with one’s own needsLate AdulthoodEgo Integrity v. DespairAchievement of a sense of meaning in life v. focuson fear of deatho Freud’s Theory of Developmento Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Oral: mouth, lips, tongue- Birth to 18 mo-Oral receptive personality: child is fed too much-Oral aggressive personality: child is fed too little-Resolution: Anal: anus- 1 to 3 yo- Anally retentive personality: excessive potty training techniques- Anally explosive personality: inconsistent potty training techniques- Resolution: proper toilet training Phallic- 3 to 5 yo- Sexual attraction to same-sex parento Oedipus/Electra Complex- Resolution: identifying with same-sex parent & learning to balance conflicting drives (sexual desire-societal expectations) Latent- 5 to 12 yo- Sexual energy becomes ‘latent’o Focus on school work & same-sex relationships- Resolution:  Genital- 12 to 18 yo- Puberty- Resolution: heterosexual relationships with non-family memberso Erik Erikson’s Theory of Developmento Emphasis on a life-span approach compared to Freud’s approach which only focused on childhoodo Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory Trust v. Mistrust: first year- Virtue: hope Autonomy v. Shame & Doubt: 2-3 yo- Virtue: development of will Initiative & Guilt: 3.5- 6 yo- Virtue: purpose Industry v. Inferiority: 6 yo- puberty- Virtue: competency Identity v. Role Confusion: Adolescence- Virtue: fidelityo Critique of Psychodynamic Theorieso Strengths: Complexities of personality development Focus on emotional qualities of child- caregiver relationship Importance of early childhood experienceso Weaknesses: NOT TESTABLE Fuzzy concepts Based on case studies & personal observationso Concept of Temperamento Temperament is the emotional substrate of personality which may represent the basic pattern of personality Quality & intensity of: emotional reaction, activity level, attention, & emotional self-regulationo Thomas & Chess research (babies): Easy babies- Good routines, no strong reaction to newstimuli Difficult babies- Really unhappy, upset in unfamiliar situations Slow-to-warm-up babies- Withdrawn, cautious, didn’t like new stimuli Unclassified- Showed varying reactionso Rothbart: Four Aspects of Temperament Emotion Attention Action Effortful controlEarly Emotion Developmento Describe early emotion development including when & why particular emotions emergeo Understand self-conscious emotion development & how children understand others’ emotionso Describe emotion regulation, challenges to early emotion regulation, & the role of parents in developing/refining regulation strategieso Understand the development, study, & promotion of complianceo Early Emotion Developmento Four Basic Emotions #1: happiness- Social smile: 3-4 weeks- Laugher: 3-4 mo #2 anger- Distressanger: 4-6 mo- Mobility is main reason #3 sadness- Still-Face paradigmo Elicits sadness: 2-6 moo More upsetting to kids than if momis absent #4 fear- Initial fears: 6 mo- Stranger anxiety: 8-12 mo- Mobility is main reasono Self-Conscious Emotion Developmento The self-concept evolves during 2 yoo Self-conscious emotions Shame (unintentional actions)- Blame is put upon you form others Guilt (intentional actions)- Something you did that wasn’t righto Require adult instruction as to WHEN you should feel pride & WHAT you should be envious ofo Understanding Others’ Emotionso Empathy involves 2 parts: Apprehending another person’s emotional state or condition Matching that emotional state oneself Requires understanding that someone else’s emotional state can be different than your owno Early Emotion Regulationo Very limited in infantso As brain developments occur, “If I’m not happy & Idon’t like this I can remove myself from this”: LOCOMOTIONo Parents shape self-regulation style because they model appropriate emotion expression/regulation, also communicated through their language to label emotionso Complianceo Development Seen around 12-18 mo Defined as: understanding & obeying caregivers’ wishes & standardso Study The Marshmallow Test- Kids usually don’t complete task until 4 yoo Kids who are successful use mechanisms to inhibit their impulseso Promotion Developmental limits: not even seen until 12-18 mo Limit directives, obtain attention, short & positive directives, & provide time for compliance Reinforce self-controlled behaviorEmotion Regulation, Development, & Common Problems across Childhoodo Describe emotional development across childhood including emotional understanding & emotional self-regulationo Pages 515-517o Understand the types of discipline & their consequences across childhoodo Describe alternatives to physical punishmento Describe some of the common problems in middle childhood (fears/anxieties) as well as


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UNT PSYC 3620 - Exam #3 Review of Objectives

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