ENG 312 Final Exam Study Sheet Covering Eschholz, Rosa, Clark, Language Awareness, 10th Ed, 2009, plus *ENG 312 PowerPoints RESEARCH PAPER REVISIONS: These revisions will be acceptable only if all of the following conditions are met: 1. A hard copy of the revision has all of the revisions highlighted; 2. The original marked copy must be turned in with the revision; 3. No revisions will be accepted after today. THERE ARE NO EXCEPTIONS TO THESE THREE CONDITIONS CONTRAST: argument/narration/description/exposition, bilingual/English-only movement comparison/contrast, concrete/abstract, connotation/denotation, deduction/induction, euphemism/dysphemism/flippantism, first/second/third wave (Toffler), objective/subjective, pidgin/creole, prescriptivism/descriptivism, status/connection (power/solidarity), topic/thesissentence, use/mention, hot/cold mediaDEFINITIONS: coherence, doublespeak, ebonics, exonym, irony, jargon, non-sequitur, onomastics, paradox, plagiarism, point of view, post hoc ergo propter hoc, rhetorical question, Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis (linguistic relativity), slang, symbol, toneEXAMPLES: argument ad hominem, band wagon, begging the question, card stacking, false analogy, faulty cause-effect, glittering generality, name calling, plain folks appeal, stroking, testimonial, transfer, two extremes fallacyEXAMPLES: acronym, allusion, analogy, cliché, colloquial expression, gobbledygook, idiom, labelof primary potency, metaphor, onomatopoeia, personification, propaganda, simile, slang, syllogism, symbol, taboo language, word magic (word becoming the thing) LINGUISTIC IDENTIFICATIONS: S. I. Hayakawa, Helen Keller, William Labov, Robert MacNeil, George Orwell, Amy Tan, Deborah Tannen, Malcolm XLIST: 5 different features and/or examples of Nonstandard Black EnglishLISTING (5 pts each): 1. Five books that have been banned, and a reason for each banning, 2. Words that have recently entered the English LanguageSHORT-ANSWER ESSAY (5 pts each): 1). Explain the nature of slanting. 2). Contrast levels of adequacy (prescriptive, descriptive, explanatory, and evaluative. 3). Explain the nature of censorship from the left (liberals), and from the right (conservatives)LONG-ANSWER ESSAY (15 pts each): 1). Explain in detail how non-standard dialects tend to be more logical than standard dialects. 2). Explain in detail the nature of taboo in English, explain how taboos (e.g. political correctness) change, and explain the advantages and disadvantages of using strong language (ethnic slurs, invective, obscenity, sarcasm, swearing, etc. 3). Explain in detail gender bias in English both in terms of "use" and "mention." OVER, PAGE 1ENG 312 PowerPoints: *BUSINESS AND ADVERTISING: Give 5 logical fallacies with an example of each*ETHNICITY: Give four stages of cultural assimilation with an example of each*HISTORY OF ENGLISH: Contrast the phonology, orthography, morphology, and syntax Old English, Middle English, and Modern English*GENDER: Give 5 differences between men’s and women’s communication strategies*NAMES & NYMS: Give an example of each: Acronym, Antonym, Aptonym, Caconym, Cryptonym, Eponym, Euphonym, Exonym, Heteronym, Homographs, Homophones, Label of Primary Potency, Nickname, Nom de Guerre, Patronym, Pseudonym (Pen Name), Stressonyms, Synonyms *OBSCENITY: Give 10 examples of disguised swear words; Explain how taboo areas are changing in America*PROSE STYLES: Give five features of each of the following prose styles: Tough, Sweet Stuffy*REGIONAL & SOCIAL DIALECTS: Give 5 phonological tests for regional dialect*RHETORICAL DEVICES VS. ERRORS: Given an “Error” be able to give a corresponding “Rhetorical Device”*USAGE: Know the Usage handout cold.*VARIES: Give an example of a word which is marked for each of the following: V-Vocation, A-Age, R-Region, I-Informality, E-Ethnicity, S-SexOVER, PAGE