ObjectivePast ResearchHypothesesProcedureMaterialsDiscussionThe Relationship of Exercise and Fitness onVisuall Recall of Textby Amanda Currier, Kristen Van de Geer, and KristinLeeAbstractThe relationships between fitness level and exercise conditionwith visual recall of text, measured by the difference in test score between pre-test and posttest, were examined. We used a 2 (low fitness or high fitness) x 2 (exercise or no exercise) independent groups design. Thirty-four female Mount Holyoke College students served. Participants in the high fitness and low fitness groups were randomly assigned to the exercise (Tae Bo workout) and no exercise conditions (viewed Tae Bo video). Results indicatethat those subjects in the high fitness group had a significantly greater difference in test score than those subjects in the low fitnessgroup. According to our findings, a regular exercise program may improve test scores more than exercising right before a test. IntroductionObjective- To find the relationship of exercise to visual recall of text in people of high fitness versus people of low fitnessPast Research- Hogervorst, Riedel, Jeukendrup, and Jolles- Subjects: 15 healthy, male triathletes, with high levels of fitness - Subjects performed cognitive and psychomotor tasks before and after exercise- Results: Exercise had a positive effect on performance in cognitive and psychomotor tests. - Sparrow and Wright- Subjects: 50 male members of an Australian Rules football club- Subjects performed arithmetic tests before and after exercise (bench step workout)- Results: Exercise had no effect on performance in arithmetic tests- Adam, Teeken, Ypelaar, Verstappen and Paas- Subjects: 11 males and 9 females- Performed a sustained information transfer task and a short-term memory task- Results: Exercise had no effect on the short-term memory task- Results: Exercise had a positive effect on the sustained information transfer task- Tomporowski, Ellis, and Stephens- Subjects: 24 college students - Performed memory tests after exercise- Results: Exercise had no effect on memory testsHypotheses- There will a more significant improvement in test scores between pre-test scores and posttest scores in those subjects who participate in aerobic exercise than in those subjects who do not participate in any exercise.- Those subjects who are physically fit prior to the experiment will have significantly higher test scores than those subjects who have a lower fitness level. - Those subjects that participate in aerobic exercise and whoare physically fit will show the most significant improvement between pre-test scores and posttest scores incomparison to the other groups.MethodSubjects- Thirty-four Mount Holyoke College students participated in our experiment. - Subjects were separated into four different groups.Procedure- Participants were randomly assigned to either the exercise groupor the non-exercise group. - Subjects filled out the fitness questionnaire - Subjects were placed in either the high fitness or the low fitness group by the researchers.- Baseline heart rate and target heart rates were determined and recorded.- Administer pre-test- View Tae Bo Basic video- Obtain final heart rate- Administer post-testMaterials- Fitness questionnaire- Two word lists- Chalkboard- Recall sheet- Tae Bo Basic video- TV/VCRResultsThere was a significant main effect for fitness level.- Subjects in the high fitness group had a significantly higher difference in test score from pre-test to posttest (M=2.00) than those subjects in the low fitness group (M=0.14). There was no significant main effect for exercise. - The difference in test score between pre-test and posttest of those individuals in the exercise condition (M=1.19) did not differ significantly from the subjects in the no exercise condition(M=1.28). There was no significant interaction effect between fitness level andexercise condition. - There was no significant difference in test score differences frompre-test to posttest between those subjects with a high fitness level in the exercise condition (M=2.20), subjects with a low fitness level in the exercise condition (M=0.50), subjects with a high fitness level in the no exercise group (M=1.80) and those subjects with a low fitness level in the no exercise group (M=0.63). high fitnesslow fitnesslevel of fitnessError Bars show Mean +/- 1.0 SEBars show Meansexercise no exerciseType of exercise-10123Difference between pre-test and posttestA graph of the results is shown in Figure 1.Discussion1) The above results do not support our hypothesis that exercise will improve recall of visual text.2) the above results do support our hypothesis that fitness level will have a relationship to recall of visual text.3) the results do not support our interaction hypothesis that people of high fitness levels, who exercise, will have a higher number of words recalled from pre-test to posttest.This data shows a relationship between fitness level and recall of visual text. This relationship shows that working out regularly mayimprove memory.Suggestions for further research- use a different type of exercise/longer period of exercise- administer different/more tests- create a more specific questionnaire- plan a longitudinal study (to control fitness levels)- increase the number of subjects per