P POLITICS VERSUS SCIENCE OPPOSING THE FOOD PYRAMID, 1991-1992The Food Industry Influences Nutrition and Health Through Food GuidelinesThe Basic Four Guide (1956-1979)1979 Food GroupsBuilding the Pyramid: Researching an “Eat Less” Food Guide: Origins of the PyramidBuilding the Pyramid: Researching an “Eat Less” Food GuideBuilding the Pyramid: Researching an “Eat Less” Food Guide: USDA Gains Power Over Public Health Dietary GuidelinesSlide 81991: Opposing The Food PyramidThe Bowl:Out with the Old - In with the New USDA modified PyramidThe Final Product (1992)Toppling the Pyramid: A day by day streak of bad luckSurvival of the Pyramid: Implications2005 My PyramidSlide 17Slide 18Food Consumption PyramidSlide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23By:MarionNestleConflictofinterestbyUSDA(UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture)whenaimingtoprotectagricultureANDtoadvisethepublicaboutdietandhealthissuesMarionNestleexemplifiesthisissuethroughheranalysisofthe1991FoodPyramidControversyTherelativesizesuggeststhatapersonshouldeatanequalamountofallfourfoodgroups,evenifthesuggestedservingsreaddifferentlyMeat2-3servings;4-6ounces/servngMilk2-3cups;Vegetables/Fruit=4ormoreGrain=4ormore1979 Food GroupsFoodproducersobjectedbecauseitdisplayedthedairy&meatgroupsbelowthefruit,vegetable,&grain&closetothe“eatless”categoryoffats,sweets,&alcoholHowever;thefoodindustryrequestedtodownplayany“eatless”suggestionsUSDA’sHumanNutritionInformationService:1980DevelopedaFoodWheelDietaryGuidelinebasedonservingsizeanddailyservingsperfoodgroup,1977Dietary Goals,CongressUnderPressuretosupportHealthpromotion:Toreducechronicdisease(HeartDisease,Diabetes,etc.)PreventpublicnutritiondeficienciesReducethecostofhealthcareUSDAandDHEW(DepartmentofHealth,Education,andWelfare)werecompetingforthecontrolofnutritioneducationandresearchUSDAwonthisbattle(1977)FarmBill(PublicLaw95-113),CongressgrantedUSDAsharedresponsibilitiesoverdietaryadvicetothepublicwithDHEW(DepartmentofHealth,Education,andWelfare)(1988)HouseAppropriationsCommitteereaffirmedUSDA’s“leadagency”responsibilityfordietaryguidanceDHEWarguedthatmore“appropriate”agencies,whichworkwithintheDHEW,shouldberesponsibleforeducationandresearchondietandhealth,Agenciessuchas:FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)CenterforDiseaseControl(CDC)NationalHealthInstitute(1988-89)DevelopedthePyramidsymboltofocusoneatingavarietyoffoodsandnoton“eatingless”ResearchshowedthatpeopleknewjustbylookingatthepyramidthattheyweresupposedtoeatmoreservingsofbreadthandairyTheHNISconductednearly10yearsofextensiveresearchPyramidFoodGuidehadpassedsixlevelsofUSDApolicyreviewandthreedivisionalreviews;itwasfullyclearedforpublicationateverypoliticallevelwithinUSDAWhydidSecretaryMadiganblocktheprintingofthe“EatingRightPyramid?”The Eating Right Pyramid(1991) Servings:Meat=2-3servingsMilk=2-3cupsVegetables=3-5servingsFruit=2-4Grain=6-11Explicitlyhierarchical:majorityoffoodsfromgrain,vegetables,fruit;imagesuggestseatinglessmeatanddairythantheotherfoodgroups(1991)USDASecretaryrejectedthelatest,Eating Right Food