CocoaCocoa’s Place Through HistoryCortes’ TreasureDelicious Milk ChocolateDecimation of a NationCocoa’s weaknessCultivation of Today’s CocoaChild LaborCongress’ RoleSlide 10TNC’s and Fair TradeMars Inc.Mars Inc. and SustainabilityUSAIDA Sustainable Cocoa FutureSlide 16CocoaCocoaBy Michaela FrankBy Michaela FrankCocoa’s Place Through Cocoa’s Place Through HistoryHistory “ “Images of warrior-priests and nobles Images of warrior-priests and nobles sometime appeared with cocoa trees on sometime appeared with cocoa trees on stelea or boulders in Mayan territories stelea or boulders in Mayan territories from the Classic (A.D. 200-900) to from the Classic (A.D. 200-900) to Postclassic periods (A.D. 900-1200) Postclassic periods (A.D. 900-1200) Ritual feedings to the Rain Gods offered Ritual feedings to the Rain Gods offered human sacrifice of their strongest human sacrifice of their strongest warriors and bags of cocoa beans warriors and bags of cocoa beansCortes’ TreasureCortes’ TreasureCortes’ Spanish Conquest in the 16Cortes’ Spanish Conquest in the 16thth century led him to Central America where century led him to Central America where he discovered the potential of the cocoa he discovered the potential of the cocoa beanbeanHe took his secret back to Spain where the He took his secret back to Spain where the recipe for recipe for chocolatl chocolatl stayed for 100 years.stayed for 100 years.Over time, the drink became popular Over time, the drink became popular among elite English, and spread to among elite English, and spread to Chocolate Houses in FranceChocolate Houses in FranceDelicious Milk ChocolateDelicious Milk ChocolateBy the 19th century Van Houten of By the 19th century Van Houten of the Netherlands revolutionized the the Netherlands revolutionized the chocolate industry by inventing a chocolate industry by inventing a cocoa press.cocoa press.There was a Monopoly in Switzerland There was a Monopoly in Switzerland until Cadbury Chocolates were until Cadbury Chocolates were introduced in 1904.introduced in 1904.Decimation of a NationDecimation of a NationAlong with their invasion of Central Along with their invasion of Central America, the Spaniards brought with America, the Spaniards brought with them plagues exhausting the Indian them plagues exhausting the Indian population in 17population in 17thth century. century.Cocoa cultivation requires Cocoa cultivation requires a lot of skilled workersa lot of skilled workersThe Spanish cultivation was also The Spanish cultivation was also devastating to the cocoa trees and landdevastating to the cocoa trees and landCocoa’s weaknessCocoa’s weaknessThe cocoa tree is The cocoa tree is extremely fragile and extremely fragile and can not tolerate can not tolerate changes in climate or changes in climate or handle pests.handle pests. cocoa of today “is cocoa of today “is really a human-bred really a human-bred amalgamation of amalgamation of many types and many types and species, with no true species, with no true counterpart existing counterpart existing in the wild.”in the wild.”http://www.mars.comCultivation of Today’s CocoaCultivation of Today’s CocoaCocoa production is mostly done by Cocoa production is mostly done by small farms with only 20% by large small farms with only 20% by large corporations.corporations.West Africa makes up 70% of the West Africa makes up 70% of the World’s cocoa bean production World’s cocoa bean production With production so high on small With production so high on small farms and poverty of the farms and poverty of the communities, they rely on child labor.communities, they rely on child labor.Child LaborChild LaborOn these farms, about On these farms, about 284, 000284, 000 children were children were said to be working in hazardous cocoa said to be working in hazardous cocoa harvesting conditionsharvesting conditions such as “clearing ground; such as “clearing ground; weeding; maintaining cocoa trees; applying weeding; maintaining cocoa trees; applying pesticides; spreading fertilizer; harvesting; pesticides; spreading fertilizer; harvesting; piling/gathering up; pod breaking; fermenting; piling/gathering up; pod breaking; fermenting; transporting; drying; and other activities” transporting; drying; and other activities” Only 1/3 of children 6-17 years old in these Only 1/3 of children 6-17 years old in these regions go to school, the rest farm. regions go to school, the rest farm. Even with the entire family working, farmers Even with the entire family working, farmers only receive $30-$205 annual income.only receive $30-$205 annual income.http://www.swpictures.co.uk/archive/s594.htmlhttp://www.swpictures.co.uk/archive/s594.htmlCongress’ RoleCongress’ RoleTariff Act of 1930 was revised for a ban on Tariff Act of 1930 was revised for a ban on importing child labor products.importing child labor products.U.S. Government gave $250,000 in a grant U.S. Government gave $250,000 in a grant to the FDA for a “to the FDA for a “Protocol for the Growing Protocol for the Growing and Processing of Cocoaand Processing of Cocoa Beans and their Beans and their Derivative Products in a Manner that Derivative Products in a Manner that Complies with ILOComplies with ILO Convention 182 Convention 182 Concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor” Forms of Child Labor”Tariff Act of 1930 today has failed to Tariff Act of 1930 today has failed to implement their rules.implement their rules.The The ProtocolProtocol also was said to be a also was said to be a failure due to not addressing the main failure due to not addressing the main problem behind child slavery in the problem behind child slavery in the cocoa production process- povertycocoa production process- poverty..According to an industry spokesperson, According to an industry spokesperson, “given the size of the sector — there “given the size of the sector — there are 1.5 million cocoa farms in the two are 1.5 million cocoa farms in the two countries — it will not be possible to countries — it will not be possible to certify that all cocoa beans have been certify that all cocoa beans have been produced and harvested without child produced and harvested without child