POLS 207 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture II. Individualistic & democratic governmentIII. Forms of public participationA. votingB.talking C.organizationsD.public meetingsE.contributionsF.campaigningIV. surveying, research and pollingV. shortcomings and polling Outline of Current Lecture VI. participation in votingVII. explanations of nonvotingVIII.Factors associated without turnoutA. socioeconomic statusB. interparty competitionC. tradition/cultureD. legal requirementsCurrent Lecture- Participationo Uncommon o Participants are not representative of population People who participate do not mirror society Moderates are less likely to vote/participate in elections - Electoral support for Texas governoro Highest turnout is George bush  18% turnouto lowest was rick Perry 10% turnout- United States voter turn out rate is 54%; very low- Explanations of nonvotingo AlienationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. “what does it matter?” attitude o Cost-benefit Math equation, cost of voting (time, money, etc) must be lower than actuallyvoting for people to show up to voteo Satisfaction- Why do Americans vote less?o Lack of party group linkage Democratic party: “catch all party”: no group unity or one solid issue Republican: single few issues known that unify the partyo Registration restrictions Federal gov requires increase in registration time Photo ID law Initially to restrict voting as wello Non-compulsory voting In certain countries if you don’t vote, you get finedo Voter exhaustion Too many positions to vote for and too many elections to vote in City, county, sheriffs, mayor, school board members, justice of peace, etc.- Turnout for voting decreasing since 1960s- Voting going up since 2002 but still lower than in 1960- Voting turnout in the southern states will always be lower than the national average becauseof traditionalistic political culture- Why don’t Texans vote?o Political socialization Institutions of socialization in Texas-family, schools, churches, mass media, and others- do not encourage the states children to be politically active Texans are taught to accept the political system, not to participate in it.o Political party system Voter turnout tends to be higher in those states where political parties are more competitive and better organized While party competition in the south, including Texas, has increased in recent years as the republican party has become more active, parties in Texas remain weak and voting levels are still below the rates that prevail in the rest of the country One party system, districts are gerrymandered to favor incumbents- Factors associated with turnouto Socioeconomic status Income x education More based on education Blacks with same education as whites will have a higher voter turnout than the whites Asian Americans vote at the same rate or lower than Hispanics in elections- Newest immigrants and not socialized to vote/never voted in their own countryo Interparty competition Races becme more competitive and the more competitive people ar the higher turnout in votingo Tradition/cultureo Legal requirements Photo ID lawo Election