POLS 207 9TH Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture II. Comparing states and CommunitiesA. Physical demographicB. WealthC. Social problemD. Coping with social problemsIII. Map explanationsIV. Innocence projectV. Chapter 2VI. Scatter plots and correlationsOutline of Current Lecture VII. Empirical relationships on graphs a. Minimum strength thresholdb. Direction of relationshipc. Possible interpretationsd. Issues in empirical relationshipsVIII.Importance of measurementsIX. Motion graphsX. Exam notesCurrent Lecture- Empirical relationships in scatterplots and correlationso +/- 1 relationships are a perfect relationship, very rareo Minimum strength threshold  If you score above +/- 0.3 you are a relationship  If you score below there is no relationshipo Direction of relationship Shows whether relationship is positive or negativeo Possible interpretations Cannot interpret there is a cause and effecto Texas- Steepness of the line shows strong/weak relationship- Progression line is the predicted level- Way below/above the progression line is called an outlier These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- R= Pearson correlation, measure steepness/slope of lineo .3-.4 weako .5-.7 moderateo .7-.9 strong- STUDY GRAPHS IN FIRST 2 CHAPTERS- Issues in an empirical relationshipo Measuremento Variable linkageo Is there a relationship?- Issues if there is an empirical relationshipo Casual relationshipo Spurious relationship Relationship that the Pearson correlations is strong, but in reality there is no relationships at all Ex: consumption of ice cream goes up, the number of murders go up- Importance of measurementso Rates not raw numberso Rates have numerators and denominatorso Also control for inflation over timeo Proper linkage of “cause” and “effect”- Motion graphso Animated scatterplotso Add information about timeEXAM TUESDAY o 1 HOUR EXAM, 50 QUESTIONSo READ CHAPTER 1, 9TH EDITIONo STUDY MINIMUM OF 2 TIMESo 12-15 PAGES AN HOURo NOT ONLY NOTES, READ BOOK BECAUSE NOTES DIDN’T COVER IT ALLo LOOK AT CORRELATIONS/GRAPHS; KNOW RELATIONSHIPS FOR