History of ComputersOver 5,000 years ago…1600’sSlide 4Early 1800’sSlide 6Mid-1800’sMid 1800’sLate 1800’s1945 - 1956Slide 11Slide 12Slide 131956 - 1963Slide 151964 - 1971Slide 17Slide 181971 - presentSlide 20Slide 21Slide 22History of ComputersHistory of ComputersOver 5,000 years ago…Over 5,000 years ago…1600’s1600’sBlaise PascalBlaise PascalPascalinePascalineGottrfried von LeibnizGottrfried von LeibnizImproved on PascalineImproved on Pascaline1600’s1600’sBlaise PascalPascalineEarly 1800’sEarly 1800’sJoseph Marie JacquardJoseph Marie JacquardJacquard’s LoomJacquard’s LoomCharles Xavier ThomasCharles Xavier ThomasArithometerArithometerEarly 1800’sEarly 1800’sJacquard’s LoomMid-1800’sMid-1800’sCharles BabbageCountess Ada LovelaceMid 1800’sMid 1800’sAnalytical EngineLate 1800’sLate 1800’s1945 - 19561945 - 1956First Generation ComputersFirst Generation ComputersUsed Vacuum tubesUsed Vacuum tubesEach computer had its own machine Each computer had its own machine languagelanguageExamples:Examples:ColossusColossusENIACENIACUNIVACUNIVAC1945 - 19561945 - 1956ENIAC1945 - 19561945 - 1956UNIVAC1945 - 19561945 - 1956Term “Computer Bug” coined by Admiral Term “Computer Bug” coined by Admiral Grace HopperGrace Hopper1956 - 19631956 - 1963Second Generation ComputersSecond Generation ComputersTransistors replaced vacuum tubesTransistors replaced vacuum tubesEra of the punch cardsEra of the punch cardsExamplesExamplesLARCLARCStretchStretchIBM 1401IBM 14011956 - 19631956 - 1963IBM 7094 IBM 14011964 - 19711964 - 1971Third Generation ComputersThird Generation ComputersIntegrated Circuits replaced transistorsIntegrated Circuits replaced transistorsOperating System usedOperating System usedExamplesExamplesIBM System 360IBM System 360CrayCray1964 - 19711964 - 1971Cray 23 Cray 291964 - 19711964 - 1971IBM System 3601971 - present1971 - presentFourth generation computersFourth generation computersLarge Scale Integration (LSI)Large Scale Integration (LSI)Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI)Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI)Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI)Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI)Era of the Personal ComputerEra of the Personal ComputerPioneering ExamplesPioneering ExamplesCommodoreCommodoreRadio ShackRadio ShackAppleAppleIBMIBM1971 - present1971 - presentIBM PC 1Dell Dimension 82001971 - present1971 - presentASCI WhiteASCI WhiteMost powerful computing platform ever built!Most powerful computing platform ever built!12.3 TeraOps (12,300,000,000,000 operations 12.3 TeraOps (12,300,000,000,000 operations per second)per second)1971 - present1971 - present1981 – 2 million computers in use1981 – 2 million computers in use1982 – 5.5 million computers in use1982 – 5.5 million computers in use1992 – 65 million personal computers1992 – 65 million personal