Technology in ActionSlide 2Intel 8080 and the Altair 8800Apple I and Apple IIEarly CompetitorsIBM PCBeginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code (BASIC)Advent of Operating SystemsSoftware Application ExplosionGraphical User InterfaceThe Internet BoomEarly Computer HistorySlide 13Slide 14Early Computer HistorySlide 16Slide 17Slide 18Computer Generations1Technology in ActionTechnology in Action © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.12Technology in ActionTechnology in ActionTechnology in Focus:Technology in Focus: History of the PCHistory of the PC3Intel 8080 and the Altair 8800Intel 8080 and the Altair 8800•The first microcomputerThe first microcomputer•Sold as a kitSold as a kit•Switches for inputSwitches for input•Lights for outputLights for output•Gates and Allen create a Gates and Allen create a compiler for Basiccompiler for Basic•MITS receives 4,000 MITS receives 4,000 ordersorders4Apple I and Apple IIApple I and Apple II•Apple I built by Steve Apple I built by Steve Wozniak in 1976Wozniak in 1976•Apple II developed by Apple II developed by Steve Jobs in 1977Steve Jobs in 1977•Uses Motorola Uses Motorola processorprocessor•First fully contained First fully contained microcomputermicrocomputer•Highly successfulHighly successful5Early CompetitorsEarly Competitors•CommodoreCommodore•TRS-80TRS-80•OsborneOsborne6IBM PCIBM PC•IBM enters small IBM enters small computer market 1981computer market 1981•Uses open architectureUses open architecture•Purchases operating Purchases operating system from Microsoftsystem from Microsoft7Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code (BASIC)Instruction Code (BASIC)•Revolutionized the software Revolutionized the software industryindustry•Programming language that Programming language that beginners could easily learnbeginners could easily learn•Key language of the PCKey language of the PC•Bill Gates and Paul Allen Bill Gates and Paul Allen used BASIC to write the used BASIC to write the program for the Altairprogram for the Altair•Led to the creation of Led to the creation of MicrosoftMicrosoft8Advent of Operating SystemsAdvent of Operating Systems•Steve Wozniak invents floppy drive Steve Wozniak invents floppy drive •Disk Operating System (DOS): Operating Disk Operating System (DOS): Operating system that controlled the first Applessystem that controlled the first Apples •Control Program for Microcomputers (CP/M): Control Program for Microcomputers (CP/M): First operating system for Intel-based PCsFirst operating system for Intel-based PCs•MS-DOSMS-DOS –Operating system for IBM PCsOperating system for IBM PCs–Based on an operating system called Quick and Based on an operating system called Quick and Dirty Operating System (QDOS)Dirty Operating System (QDOS)–Created by Bill Gates and Paul AllenCreated by Bill Gates and Paul Allen–All PCs using the Intel chip used All PCs using the Intel chip used MS-DOSMS-DOS9Software Application ExplosionSoftware Application Explosion•Electronic Electronic SpreadsheetsSpreadsheets–VisiCalcVisiCalc–Lotus 1-2-3 and Lotus 1-2-3 and Microsoft ExcelMicrosoft Excel•Word ProcessingWord Processing–WordStarWordStar–Word for MS-DOSWord for MS-DOS–Word PerfectWord PerfectBricklin and FrankstonVisiCalc screenshot10Graphical User InterfaceGraphical User Interface•Xerox Xerox –Palo Alto Palo Alto Research CenterResearch Center–Alto: 1972Alto: 1972•AppleApple–Lisa: 1983Lisa: 1983–Macintosh: 1984Macintosh: 1984Xerox Alto11The Internet BoomThe Internet Boom•MosaicMosaic•Netscape Netscape •Internet ExplorerInternet Explorer•Windows 95Windows 9512Early Computer HistoryEarly Computer History•Pascalene 1624Pascalene 1624–The first accurate mechanical The first accurate mechanical calculatorcalculator–Created by Blaise PascalCreated by Blaise Pascal–Used to add, subtract, multiply, Used to add, subtract, multiply, and divideand divide•Jacquard Loom 1820Jacquard Loom 1820–Created by Joseph JacquardCreated by Joseph Jacquard–A machine that automated the A machine that automated the weaving of complex patternsweaving of complex patterns–Used holes punched in cards to Used holes punched in cards to automate the processautomate the process13Early Computer HistoryEarly Computer History•Hollerith Tabulating Machine 1890Hollerith Tabulating Machine 1890–Created by Herman HollerithCreated by Herman Hollerith–Used punch cards to tabulate Used punch cards to tabulate census datacensus data–Hollerith started the Tabulating Machine Hollerith started the Tabulating Machine Company, which later became IBMCompany, which later became IBM•Analytical Engine 1834Analytical Engine 1834–Created by Charles BabbageCreated by Charles Babbage•The father of computingThe father of computing–The first automatic calculatorThe first automatic calculator–Includes components similar to those found in Includes components similar to those found in today's computerstoday's computers14Early Computer HistoryEarly Computer History•Z1 1936Z1 1936–Created by Konrad ZuseCreated by Konrad Zuse–The Z1 is a mechanical The Z1 is a mechanical calculatorcalculator–It included a control unit and It included a control unit and memory functionsmemory functions•Atanasoff-Berry Computer Atanasoff-Berry Computer 19391939–Created by John Atanasoff Created by John Atanasoff and Clifford Berryand Clifford Berry–The first electrically powered The first electrically powered digital computerdigital computer–Used vacuum tubes to store Used vacuum tubes to store datadata–The first computer to use the The first computer to use the binary systembinary systemAtansoff-Berry ComputerAtansoff-Berry Computer15Early Computer History Early Computer History •Harvard Mark I 1944Harvard Mark I 1944–Created by Howard Aiken and Grace Created by Howard Aiken and Grace HopperHopper–A computer used by the US Navy for A computer used by the US Navy for ballistics calculationsballistics calculations–Hopper’s contribution to computing Hopper’s contribution to computing waswas•Invention of the compilerInvention of the compiler•Coined the term “computer bug”Coined the term “computer bug”•Turing Machine 1939Turing Machine 1939–Created by Alan TuringCreated by Alan Turing–A hypothetical model that defined a A hypothetical model that defined a mechanical procedure or algorithmmechanical procedure or