Current LectureOrigin of IslamAfter ten years, things begin to changeSome tribes in Medina were having a disputeMuhammad solves the problem, draws up a new constitutionThe Hijrah (“flight”) 622 CEMecca, Medina, and Jerusalem are holy cities for Muslims; why Jerusalem?On eve of judgment, Jerusalem will be place of refuge against the Anti-ChristThe Messiah will triumph there over evilMuhammad’s “night of Ascension”Gabriel takes Muhammad to Jerusalem form there to heaven to pray.Originally, Muslims faced Jerusalem to pray. But troubles with the Jews forced to change to MeccaSo Muhammad is now free to implement God’s messageJews and Christians usually don’t convertEventually, Muhammad unifies many Arab tribes under theocracy, even the MeccansMuhammad is criticized along two lines:He was a war mongerHe was morally corruptIn 632, Muhammad dies suddenlyObjects from IranThe QuranOnly with the Quran will Arabic be cementedThe Quran is the book of GodBut what about the other scripturesQuran as correctionThe Quran means “recitation” it is every Muslims duty to “recite” and learn it, it is an expression of pietyIt is about 80% the size of the new testament, with 114 chapters, or surasIt was received to Muhammad over 22 years, but is it a new text?Who wrote the Quran?The Quran is a scriptureGod is merciful and just (we’ve seen this before) Tawheed is the unity of AllahAllah G=guides us in three ways: through Muhammad, the Angels, and QuranAbsolute monotheism hereQuran is final revelation from God; it is unchangeableQuran on Scripture“the people of the book are a community in obedience.. they believe in Allah and the last day, enjoin what is right and forbid what is evil, and vie with one another for good works. They are of the righteous” (3:113-115)if someone kills another person.. it is as if he had murdered all mankind” (5:32)What are the major teachings of the Quran?No modern biblical criticism here, it is the eternal, literal word of GodAt the center is God, or Allah; more than 2500 mentiondGod is transcendent, all powerfulThe Quranic UniverseThree realms: heaven, earth, hellInhabitants of the world include angels, jinn’s, and humansJinn’s- made of smokeless fire. Invisible good or bad entities (word “genies”)Angels are he link between God and Humans, communicate divine revelationsFinally, human beings share a special relationship to GodGod breathed his/her spirit into him (15:29)Jinn (Satan, or Iblis)refused to bow before Adam; hence, expulsion and fall from heavenHumans are to implement Gods will.No original sin in the Quran, sin is not inherentSin for Muslims= disobedienceHumans created good, but are just limited creatures; death= result of mortal human condition, not sinFirst you sin, then comes repentance, then comes Gods forgivenessThe worst of sins involves ones relationship with GodShirk- idolatry; worshipping other Gods. Considered by some to be the one unforgivable sine, but the Quran seems to allow for leniencyKufr- unbelief; atheism; ungratefulness to GodRELG 102 1nd Edition Lecture 9Current LectureOrigin of Islam- After ten years, things begin to change- Some tribes in Medina were having a dispute- Muhammad solves the problem, draws up a new constitution- The Hijrah (“flight”) 622 CE- Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem are holy cities for Muslims; why Jerusalem?o On eve of judgment, Jerusalem will be place of refuge against the Anti-Christo The Messiah will triumph there over evilo Muhammad’s “night of Ascension”- Gabriel takes Muhammad to Jerusalem form there to heaven to pray.- Originally, Muslims faced Jerusalem to pray. But troubles with the Jews forced to change to Mecca- So Muhammad is now free to implement God’s message- Jews and Christians usually don’t convert- Eventually, Muhammad unifies many Arab tribes under theocracy, even the Meccans- Muhammad is criticized along two lines:o He was a war mongero He was morally corrupt- In 632, Muhammad dies suddenly- Objects from Iran The QuranThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Only with the Quran will Arabic be cemented- The Quran is the book of God- But what about the other scriptures- Quran as correction- The Quran means “recitation” it is every Muslims duty to “recite” and learn it, it is anexpression of piety- It is about 80% the size of the new testament, with 114 chapters, or suras- It was received to Muhammad over 22 years, but is it a new text?- Who wrote the Quran?- The Quran is a scripture- God is merciful and just (we’ve seen this before) Tawheed is the unity of Allah- Allah G=guides us in three ways: through Muhammad, the Angels, and Quran- Absolute monotheism here- Quran is final revelation from God; it is unchangeable Quran on Scripture- “the people of the book are a community in obedience.. they believe in Allah and the last day, enjoin what is right and forbid what is evil, and vie with one another for good works. They are of the righteous” (3:113-115)- if someone kills another person.. it is as if he had murdered all mankind” (5:32) What are the major teachings of the Quran?- No modern biblical criticism here, it is the eternal, literal word of God- At the center is God, or Allah; more than 2500 mentiond- God is transcendent, all powerful The Quranic Universe- Three realms: heaven, earth, hell- Inhabitants of the world include angels, jinn’s, and humans- Jinn’s- made of smokeless fire. Invisible good or bad entities (word “genies”)- Angels are he link between God and Humans, communicate divine revelations- Finally, human beings share a special relationship to God- God breathed his/her spirit into him (15:29)- Jinn (Satan, or Iblis)refused to bow before Adam; hence, expulsion and fall from heaven- Humans are to implement Gods will.- No original sin in the Quran, sin is not inherent- Sin for Muslims= disobedience- Humans created good, but are just limited creatures; death= result of mortal human condition, not sin- First you sin, then comes repentance, then comes Gods forgiveness- The worst of sins involves ones relationship with Godo Shirk- idolatry; worshipping other Gods. Considered by some to be the one unforgivable sine, but the Quran seems to allow for leniencyo Kufr- unbelief; atheism; ungratefulness to