When did Judaism start?1. Theology of the bible may not be the same theology of ancient IsraelSun down to sun down Friday to Saturday night you are not allowed to work.2. Monotheism is a loaded word and didn’t develop over night3. Israel means many things: Kingdom, state, and people4. Founded upon “covenant”Introduction:Hebrew is the language of Jewish scriptureNo vowels in HebrewVery ancient languageRead from right to leftThe roots of JudaismCovenant first made with Abraham (if he ever existed) somewhere around 1800-1400 BCEWas Abraham the first Jew?God promises him land and a nationCertainly, we could start with Moses, if he existedHe received the Torah around the 1200s BCEMt. Sinai is a cornerstone event in Jewish historyWhat about king David?God promises David that from him would come Israel’s rulersRules around 1000 BCEWas he a great king?Persians and GreeksTemple is built in 500sPeople return to Israel2nd temple destroyedJudaism is not a mosaic faithLegal codes- Torah is the keyJudaism is an interpreting religionFree will is importantGods gift was the TorahTorahOften misinterpretedIt is more than instruction or lawIt is the entire compendium of Jewish learning613 laws in itentire compendium of Jewish knowledgeTorah reviews to the Hebrew bible “Tanakh”- Hebrew scriptures all of themhas three parts to itTorah, Nevi’im, KetuvimJust refer to the 5 books of MosesThe end= Nevi’im (prophets)Ketuvim- writingsStory of HillelCreationHistory of Jewish peopleThe rabbisafter CE 70, the rabbis have 2 important social goalsto increase membershipto govern Jewish societythere was no technical “systematic theology”but three basic principles: 1. Unity of god 2. The divine origin of written and oral Torah 3. ResurrectionJudaism- Torahoral laws are recordedMishnah around 200 CESeries of discussions, laws, debates from the rabbisGemara a little laterSecond volume of the MishnahMishnah + Gemara = TalmudTwo Talmud’s by the sixth century CE586 BCE When babylonians destroyed the templeTalmud means studyModern JudaismJudaism continued to developOriginally Judaism is only “orthodox”All laws of the Torah to be followed; still based on the rabbisThings change over time, enlightenment is both good and bad for Jews (1700)Example- NapoleanOrthodox Judaism1. Orthodox Judaismmost religiousterm first used in 1795“original” laws are followed613 commandmentsofficial form in IsraelMoses wrote TorahAlso, ultra- Orthodox3. Reform Judaismleast religiousanswered the question of how to be both secular and Jewish at the same timesgained ground in Germany in 1800ssciencearchaic practices dropped for more “user-friendly” onesalthough it irritated orthodox Jews, it was good in that it dissuaded conversion2. Conservative Judaismthe compromise of both religions, orthodox was to strict and reform was to lenientmore religious that reform but less than orthodoxfurther developed in America in the late 1800snot all congregations are the sameJewish holidaysHigh holidays are Rosh Hashanah and Yom KippurHanukkahLast eight daysMeans dedicationNot all Jewish holidays are in the bibleYom Kippur is considered the most important holiday in JudaismTen holy days- ten days of aweRosh Hashanah- head of the yearRepentPrayerCharityYou have ten days to do all threePassoverRELG 102 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Lecture: 3-5Lecture 3 (January 28) When did Judaism start? 1. Theology of the bible may not be the same theology of ancient Israel Sun down to sun down Friday to Saturday night you are not allowed to work. 2. Monotheism is a loaded word and didn’t develop over night 3. Israel means many things: Kingdom, state, and people 4. Founded upon “covenant” Introduction:- Hebrew is the language of Jewish scriptureo No vowels in Hebrew- Very ancient language- Read from right to left  The roots of Judaism- Covenant first made with Abraham (if he ever existed) somewhere around 1800-1400 BCE- Was Abraham the first Jew?- God promises him land and a nation- Certainly, we could start with Moses, if he existed- He received the Torah around the 1200s BCE- Mt. Sinai is a cornerstone event in Jewish history- What about king David?o God promises David that from him would come Israel’s rulerso Rules around 1000 BCEo Was he a great king?Lecture 4 (January 30)After the exile of 586 BCE Judaism begins to take shapeConquered Jerusalem Destroyed temple in IraqMany people were killedPriest codify the lawsMessiah was now used as a saviorWhy these changes?It could be problematicAdapt religion to the modern worldTemple was goneHomeland was goneTheology needed changeReligions change over time as neededJudaism is now influenced by other religionso Persians and Greeks- Temple is built in 500s- People return to Israel- 2nd temple destroyed- Judaism is not a mosaic faith- Legal codes- Torah is the key- Judaism is an interpreting religion- Free will is important- Gods gift was the Torah- Toraho Often misinterpretedo It is more than instruction or lawo It is the entire compendium of Jewish learningo 613 laws in ito entire compendium of Jewish knowledgeo Torah reviews to the Hebrew bible “Tanakh”- Hebrew scriptures all of them has three parts to it Torah, Nevi’im, Ketuvimo Just refer to the 5 books of Moseso The end= Nevi’im (prophets)o Ketuvim- writingso Story of Hillel Creation History of Jewish peopleLecture 5 (February 11)The rabbis- after CE 70, the rabbis have 2 important social goalso to increase membershipo to govern Jewish society- there was no technical “systematic theology”- but three basic principles: 1. Unity of god 2. The divine origin of written and oral Torah 3. Resurrection Judaism- Torah- oral laws are recorded- Mishnah around 200 CEo Series of discussions, laws, debates from the rabbis- Gemara a little latero Second volume of the Mishnah- Mishnah + Gemara = Talmud- Two Talmud’s by the sixth century CE- 586 BCE When babylonians destroyed the temple- Talmud means study Modern Judaism- Judaism continued to develop- Originally Judaism is only “orthodox”- All laws of the Torah to be followed; still based on the rabbis- Things change over time, enlightenment is both good and bad for Jews (1700)o Example- Napolean Orthodox Judaism- 1. Orthodox Judaism o most religiouso term first used in 1795o “original” laws are followedo 613 commandments o official form in Israelo Moses wrote