RELG 102 1nd Edition Lecture 9 Current Lecture Origin of Islam After ten years things begin to change Some tribes in Medina were having a dispute Muhammad solves the problem draws up a new constitution The Hijrah flight 622 CE Mecca Medina and Jerusalem are holy cities for Muslims why Jerusalem o On eve of judgment Jerusalem will be place of refuge against the Anti Christ o The Messiah will triumph there over evil o Muhammad s night of Ascension Gabriel takes Muhammad to Jerusalem form there to heaven to pray Originally Muslims faced Jerusalem to pray But troubles with the Jews forced to change to Mecca So Muhammad is now free to implement God s message Jews and Christians usually don t convert Eventually Muhammad unifies many Arab tribes under theocracy even the Meccans Muhammad is criticized along two lines o He was a war monger o He was morally corrupt In 632 Muhammad dies suddenly Objects from Iran The Quran These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Only with the Quran will Arabic be cemented The Quran is the book of God But what about the other scriptures Quran as correction The Quran means recitation it is every Muslims duty to recite and learn it it is an expression of piety It is about 80 the size of the new testament with 114 chapters or suras It was received to Muhammad over 22 years but is it a new text Who wrote the Quran The Quran is a scripture God is merciful and just we ve seen this before Tawheed is the unity of Allah Allah G guides us in three ways through Muhammad the Angels and Quran Absolute monotheism here Quran is final revelation from God it is unchangeable Quran on Scripture the people of the book are a community in obedience they believe in Allah and the last day enjoin what is right and forbid what is evil and vie with one another for good works They are of the righteous 3 113 115 if someone kills another person it is as if he had murdered all mankind 5 32 What are the major teachings of the Quran No modern biblical criticism here it is the eternal literal word of God At the center is God or Allah more than 2500 mentiond God is transcendent all powerful The Quranic Universe Three realms heaven earth hell Inhabitants of the world include angels jinn s and humans Jinn s made of smokeless fire Invisible good or bad entities word genies Angels are he link between God and Humans communicate divine revelations Finally human beings share a special relationship to God God breathed his her spirit into him 15 29 Jinn Satan or Iblis refused to bow before Adam hence expulsion and fall from heaven Humans are to implement Gods will No original sin in the Quran sin is not inherent Sin for Muslims disobedience Humans created good but are just limited creatures death result of mortal human condition not sin First you sin then comes repentance then comes Gods forgiveness The worst of sins involves ones relationship with God o Shirk idolatry worshipping other Gods Considered by some to be the one unforgivable sine but the Quran seems to allow for leniency o Kufr unbelief atheism ungratefulness to God