COMM 301: Empirical Research in CommunicationResearch report writing guidelines (for experiments and surveys) Title Page- Header and page numbers in upper right hand corner. These continue on every page thereafter.- Running Head: Identify (in all caps) what the header is going to be for the paper.- State Title (Capitalize each word except for prepositions and conjunctions). Summarizes the main idea simply, and identify the main concepts or variables studied.- Identify Author(s) names- Identify University Affiliation- Identify Course(See the example of a title page distributed by the instructor.)Abstract- Summarize your research in 100 to 120 wordsIntroduction- Introduce your study- In published paper, you don’t use “Introduction” as a subtitle. You simply start writing introduction under the titleLiterature Review- Summarize previous research related to your topicHypotheses- Describe and write out your research questions and hypotheses. MethodsSetting: - Where was the study conducted? Describe with as much information as possible without compromising the confidentiality of the participants.- When was the study conducted?Participants- Who were the participants in the study? What was the basis of their participation? For example, did they participate as part of a course requirement? Did they participate as volunteers? Were they part of a sample selected from a population?- How many participants were there? - Give relevant demographic information.Procedures- Describe the process of data collection.Experimental design (applicable for experiments only)1COMM 301: Empirical Research in CommunicationResearch report writing guidelines (for experiments and surveys) - State the experimental design.- State if a manipulation check was done. If done, describe the manipulation check.- Describe the treatment materials and the control materials (e.g. sexually suggestive advertisements, and non-sexually advertisements)Measurement instrument- Describe the survey instrument. - Describe the key questions measuring the key variables.- Describe the key features of the survey questions (e.g. anchors for the semantic differential, a 7-point agreement scale, etc.). Report the scale reliability measures.Analysis- Describe how the data were analyzed. What statistical tests were used for which hypothesis?Results- Report the results of the analyses you performed on your data, hypothesis by hypothesis. - Include descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation).- Describe the type of analysis performed. Report the statistic, degrees of freedom, and p-value(e.g. t(38) = 3.817, p = 0.007). (See the lecture outlines on the specific analyses for examples of reporting analysis.)Discussion- Open with a statement about whether support was found for your hypotheses.- Discuss what the results mean. - Examine and reflect on the entire research process your project underwent.- Describe the limitations of your study. For example, studies using college undergraduates may not generalize well to another population.- If your hypotheses were not supported by the data, explain what may contribute to that lack of support.- Discuss what might have been done differently to improve whatever shortcomings your research process may have experienced.Appendix- Include your stimulus materials and questionnaire used.- Include tables, graphs, and other diagrams if