San Pedro Riparian Conservation AreaSan Pedro River in 1984, from the Hereford bridge, before the removal of cattle in 1988. (BLM Photo)Ribbon of GreenSchematic of Riparian ZoneSchematic of Riparian VegetationPhreatophytesObligate Wetland SpeciesFacultative Wetland SpeciesFacultative SpeciesFacultative Upland SpeciesUpland SpeciesPowerPoint PresentationSlide 13Salt Cedar (Tarmix chinensis)Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)Slide 16ENDANGERED SPECIESHuachuca Water Umel (Lilaeopsis schaffneriana)CANELO HILLS LADIE’S TRESS (Spiranthes delitescens)Sonora Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi)San Pedro Riparian Conservation Area•Congress – Nov 1988•40 Mile Reach•BLM–Protects–EnhanceSan Pedro River in 1984, from the Hereford bridge, before the removal of cattle in 1988.(BLM Photo)1998 photo from same location, after 10 years of rest from livestock grazing.(BLM Photo)Ribbon of Green•Shadier, Cooler, Moister Habitats•Slows Water Flow (reduces erosion)•A Wide Diversity of Wildlife•Elements of Survival (food, water, shelter)•Travel Corridors•Improved Water Quality & QuantitySchematic of Riparian ZoneRiparian Areas National Research CouncilSchematic of Riparian Vegetation•Moisture from Groundwater•Capillary FringePhreatophytesArizona Riparian CouncilPhreatophytesWillow(Salix gooddingii)Cottonwood(Populus fremontii)Mesquite(Prosopis velutina)Salt Cedar(Prosopis velutina)Obligate Wetland Species•Aquatic Environments (saturated soils)•Occur almost always (estimated probability >99%) under natural conditions in wetlands•12 Obligate Wetland Species along the SPR–4 are non-native–1 of the 4 is invasive Willow(Salix gooddingii)Facultative Wetland Species•Saturated & Upland Soils•Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands. •20 Facultative Wetland Species along the SPR–5 are non-native (4 invasive)–3 natives are invasive Cottonwood (Populus fremontii)Facultative Species•Saturated & Upland Soils•Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%). •13 Facultative Species along the SPR–3 are non-native & invasive–2 natives are invasive Alkali Sacaton (Sporobolus airoides)Facultative Upland Species•Upland & Occasionally Saturated Soils•Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found on wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%). •18 Facultative Upland Species along the SPR–6 are non-native (5 invasive)–2 natives are invasive Mesquite (Prosopis velutina)Upland SpeciesBig Sacaton (Sporobolus wrightii)•Upland & Occasionally Saturated Soils•Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.•80 Upland Species along the SPR–2 are non-native & invasive–9 natives are invasive•Opportunistic Plants•They lack co-evolved competition•Native or Introduced–In general, introduced plants are likely to invadeSalt Cedar(Tarmix chinensis)Salt Cedar(Tarmix chinensis)Facultative Wetland SpeciesJohnsongrass(Sorghum halepense)•Facultative Upland SpeciesJohnsongrass(Sorghum halepense)ENDANGEREDSPECIES•Collecting•Disease•Predation•Competition with non-natives•Degradation & Destruction from Overgrazing•Water Diversion, dredging, & GW PumpingHuachuca Water Umel(Lilaeopsis schaffneriana)Arizona Rare Plant Field GuideCANELO HILLS LADIE’S TRESS(Spiranthes delitescens)Arizona Rare Plant Field GuideSonora Tiger Salamander(Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi)photo by Erik F. Enderson