1To Do TodayPlagiarism Quiz from the Knight InstituteDiscuss Essay 2 assignmentPay attention to the due dates!First prep work for Essay 2: metaphors to explain black holesReading assignment for next timePlagiarism/Academic DishonestyWhat qualifies as academic dishonesty?2Plagiarism/Academic DishonestyWhat qualifies as academic dishonesty?Using an author’s words without credit (published or unpublished!)Using an author’s ideas without creditUsing a paper for more than one classUsing a quotation or source in a misleading way (i.e. to misrepresent the author/expert’s views)Plagiarism/Academic DishonestyWhat needs to be cited? Direct quotations Facts not widely known or assertions that are arguable.  Judgments, opinions, and claims of others. Statistics, charts, tables, and graphs from any source. Sources that you found particularly useful or crucial to your writing. http://plagiarism.arts.cornell.edu/tutorial/exercises.cfm3Plagiarism/Academic DishonestyWhat needs to be cited? Any questions? Things you’ve never been sure about? Weird situations that come up?http://plagiarism.arts.cornell.edu/tutorial/exercises.cfm1.42.3.54.5.66.7.78.9.810.11.912.The answers . . .101.1.Answer: Yes. By definition, domesticated and wild animals are different; thus, the student has not reproduced an idea or piece of research unique to Diamond's work.112.2.Answer: No. This sample uses information and ideas from Diamond's passage that are not common knowledge. The writer simply rephrases each of Diamond's sentences in the original order. Since the student uses no documentation whatsoever, this sample involves plagiarism.123.3.Answer: No. This writing sample quotes two passages verbatim from Diamond: "the ways in which domesticated animals have diverged from their wild ancestors" and "cows, pigs, and sheep became smaller under domestication, while guinea pigs became larger." Although the student strings these quotations together in his/her own sentence, both the ideas and phrasing belong to Diamond. Without quotationmarks or an attribution to Diamond, this writing sample clearly constitutes plagiarism.134.4.Answer: Yes. This writing sample introduces the quote with an attribution to Moers, then puts her words within quotation marks and gives the appropriate page number. The reader knows exactly which words belong to Moers and where to find the quote in her work. Following MLA format, the full bibliographic information for Moers's article then appears in a "Works Cited" list at the end of the essay.145.5.Answer: No. This is a tricky case. Although the student cites Moers and the page number in parentheses, there is an unmarked direct quotation in the sentence (i.e. "with one definite authorial intent: to scare"). Without quotation marks to set off this phrase, the reader assumes that only the idea comes from Moers, not the actual words. Furthermore, verbatim use of a striking phrase may make readers who are familiar with the source suspicious of your integrity.156.6.Answer: No. This writing sample summarizes Moers's opinion about the difference between tragic and Gothic writing. Her definitions of tragedy and Gothic are not common, dictionary definitions; instead, she proposes a specialized way of viewing both genres as part of her overall theory. In addition, the student borrows Moer's opposition between soul and body, tragedy and Gothic (i.e. why not Gothic and comedy? Gothic and satire? Gothic and epic?). This writing sample thus needs to document its sources.167.7.Answer: No. The student here is using a word-for-word quotation (i.e. "greedily devoured the remnants of the shepherd's breakfast") tosupport the claim that Frankenstein's monster suffered from extreme hunger. While the claim belongs to the student, the phrasing of the evidence belongs to Shelley; to avoid plagiarism, therefore, this direct quotation needs to be set off by quotation marks and properly documented.178.8.Answer: Yes. Since the student has used historical information that is readily available and not in dispute, there is no need to cite an external source.189.9.Answer: No. This case involves not a verbal quotation, but rather an image cut-and-pasted directly from a website. Just as with textual sources, visual sources must be acknowledged. For a full citation of this image, the student should label the image with the basic information that the National Gallery itself cites (i.e. "Marcello Venusti, Portrait of Michelangelo, 1535, Florence, Casa Buonarroti"), then follow this with the bibliographic information for the Internet source.1910.10.Answer: Yes. The writer gives the title and source of the original UN briefing packet within the sentence, then cites in a footnote the secondary Internet source where the information was actually obtained. Note that the date of access is usually required in citing Internet sources, since web content can change frequently.2011.11.Answer: No. The information presented here is specialized and precise; it is not common knowledge, and in fact could vary slightly depending on the source consulted. Since the preponderance of content and format have been derived from this website, the writer must document the source.2112.12.Answer: Yes. Although many details from the original newspaper article have been omitted, the article should be cited as a source if the writer paraphrases its content or draws upon it for specific information. To acknowledge this indebtedness to the Cornell Sunarticle, the student uses a brief parenthetical citation within the text, supplemented by the full bibliographic entry in a "Works Cited" page at the end.22Essay 24-5 pagesGrade: 15%In class, we have been working on the use of outside sources in written material. This is especially important in science communication. When you read articles in the newspaper or in magazines about science, it is very common to read a quotation from a particular scientist. This expert testimony lends weight and credibility to information and arguments.Essay 2 In this assignment, you will write a 4-to-5-page newspaper article about black holes, using quotations from our readings (Ferreira & Hooper in particular) to convince your readers of the scientific validity of what you are telling them. You are a journalist writing for the New York Times in the year 2509. The International Space Administration has launched a major mission; for the first time, astronauts