Chapter 10 BOT3015L Overview of Autotrophic and Heterotrophic ProtistsTree of LifePowerPoint PresentationChosen examples of protistsSome ecological aspects of algae (photosynthetic protists)Slide 6Chlorophyta Green algaeChlamydomonasSlide 9Slide 10VolvoxSpirogyraUlvaAcetabulariaDesmidsCharaSlide 17RhodophytaexamplesSlide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22PhaeophytaexamplesSlide 24Slide 25More algae farmingSlide 27example of meiotic gametogenesisSlide 29Dinoflagellates phytoplanktonSlide 31Slide 32Slide 33Phytophthora infestans on potatoSlide 35Slide 36Chapter 10BOT3015LOverview of Autotrophic and Heterotrophic ProtistsPresentation created by Danielle SherdanAll photos from Raven et al. Biology of Plants except when otherwise notedTree of Lifewww.tolweb.orgPlants (embryophytes)Angiosperms (beginning of semester)Gymnosperms, seedless, and non-vascular (later)AnimalsFungi (next week)All the rest of the eukaryotes, protists(Today, focus on autotrophic protists)Cyanobacteria gave rise to chloroplasts and autotrophic protists gave rise to plantsEndosymbiosis (last week)QuickTime™ and aPhoto - JPEG decompressorare needed to see this picture.Chosen examples of protistsChlorophytaRhodophytaPhaeophytaDinophytaBacillariophytaOomycotaPhylaGave rise to plantsChloroplasts most closely resemble cyanobacteriaMost complex of the algae (some exhibit meiotic gametogenesis)Many are autotrophic, ecological impactsEcological impacts because they are primary producersHeterotrophic protist, some are plant pathogensReason for choosingSome ecological aspects of algae (photosynthetic protists)Plants are to land as __________ are to wateralgaeProvide shelter, food, and substrateBase of the aquatic food chainEnvironment and adaptationsHuman and protist affairs (some presented within)Chosen examples of protistsChlorophytaRhodophytaPhaeophytaDinophytaBacillariophytaOomycotaPhylaGave rise to plantsChloroplasts most closely resemble cyanobacteriaMost complex of the algae (some exhibit meiotic gametogenesis)Many are autotrophic, ecological impactsEcological impacts because they are primary producersHeterotrophic protist, some are plant pathogensReason for choosingChlorophytaGreen algaeShare some characteristics with plants:•Chl a, as the reaction center pigment in PSII, a feature shared with cyanobacteria and all photosynthetic eukaryotes. Associated with oxygenic photosynthesis.•Chl b, part of light-harvesting complex that balances energy between the PSI and II and accommodates cyclic flow.•Store starch in plastids•Cellulose cell walls (usually for Chlorophyta)Plants (embryophytes) evolved from aquatic green algae Retention of female gametes in embryophytes is advantageous in terrestrial environments.In the coming weeks, we will be discussing more about the evolutionary trends in plants, which have become well adapted to terrestrial environmentsChlamydomonasChlorophyta examplesAbove taken from Berkley site Museum of Paleontology~1µmUnicellular typeChlamydomonasChlorophyta examplesExample of one type of asexual reproductionFrom Outlaw lectureChlamydomonasChlorophyta examplesExample of one type of sexual reproduction in this phylumZygotic meiosisFrom Outlaw lectureChlorophyta examplesVolvoxFrom Outlaw lectureColonies ~1-2mmColonial type (one path to multicellular that was an evolutionary dead end)Chlorophyta examplesSpirogyraSexual reproductionZygotic meiosis~0.5mmFilamentous (one path towards multicellularity)Chlorophyta examplesUlvaParenchymatous (path to multicellularity that led to plants)Sexual reproduction by alternation of generationsChlorophyta examplesAcetabulariaSiphonous formMermaid’s wine glassChlorophyta examplesDesmidsXanthidium(Charophyceae)Euastrum MicrasteriasChlorophyta examplesCharaApical growthNodes and internodesComplex reproductive structuresNOT embryophytesGametangiaTop: oogoniumBottom: antheridium~0.25mmcm rangeChosen examples of protistsChlorophytaRhodophytaPhaeophytaDinophytaBacillariophytaOomycotaPhylaGave rise to plantsChloroplasts most closely resemble cyanobacteriaMost complex of the algae (some exhibit meiotic gametogenesis)Many are autotrophic, ecological impactsEcological impacts because they are primary producersHeterotrophic protist, some are plant pathogensReason for choosingRhodophytaexamplesBonnemaisoniaBatrachospermumRhodophytaexamplesCoralline typeImportant in coral reef structureRhodophytaexamples“Nori” in Japanese dietPoryphyraRhodophytaexamplesAlgae farmers in the Phillipines tending a Kappaphycus line culture for carrageenan (gel used in many food products) extraction. © 2000 D. F. KapraunChosen examples of protistsChlorophytaRhodophytaPhaeophytaDinophytaBacillariophytaOomycotaPhylaGave rise to plantsChloroplasts most closely resemble cyanobacteriaMost complex of the algae (some exhibit meiotic gametogenesis)Many are autotrophic, ecological impactsEcological impacts because they are primary producersHeterotrophic protist, some are plant pathogensReason for choosingPhaeophytaexamplesDurvilleaCoast of New ZealandPhaeophytaexamplesSea palm on exposed intertidal rocksPhaeophytaexamplesLaminariaPhaeophytaMacrocystisCoast of CaliforniaKelp harvester, CaliforniaMore algae farmingPhaeophytaexamplesFucusCommonly rockweedNote the air bladder adaptationexample of meiotic gametogenesisFrom Outlaw lectureChosen examples of protistsChlorophytaRhodophytaPhaeophytaDinophytaBacillariophytaOomycotaPhylaGave rise to plantsChloroplasts most closely resemble cyanobacteriaMost complex of the algae (some exhibit meiotic gametogenesis)Many are autotrophic, ecological impactsEcological impacts because they are primary producersHeterotrophic protist, some are plant pathogensReason for choosingDinoflagellatesphytoplanktonCause red tide (toxic algal bloom)CeratiumGonyaulaxFish killed by Pfiesteria, which will then feed on the decaying flesh~1mm~0.5mmChosen examples of protistsChlorophytaRhodophytaPhaeophytaDinophytaBacillariophytaOomycotaPhylaGave rise to plantsChloroplasts most closely resemble cyanobacteriaMost complex of the algae (some exhibit meiotic gametogenesis)Many are autotrophic, ecological impactsEcological impacts because they are primary producersHeterotrophic protist, some are plant pathogensReason for choosingDiatoms are a diverse group that account for an estimated 25% of the primary production on EarthDiatomsphytoplanktonPhylum Bacillariophyta~0.3mmChosen examples of protistsChlorophytaRhodophytaPhaeophytaDinophytaBacillariophytaOomycotaPhylaGave rise to