FREE SPACE OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSPRESENTATION LAYOUT:Requirements of a good Transmission System:Introduction to the concepts of Free Space Optics (FSO)FSO Major Sub SystemFree Space Optic Link Equation:Slide 7Theoretical Maximum Range:LAST MILE BOTTLENECKSSlide 10Slide 11A high-bandwidth cost-effective solution to the last mile problem is to use free-space laser communication (also known as or optical wireless) in a mesh architecture to get the high bandwidth quickly to the customers.DATA SECURITYPreventing Interception of the Signal Directional transmission: Narrow divergence of the FSO transmit path (shown in red) as compared to a typical Radio Frequency (RF) path (shown in blue). The tightly collimated FSO beam ensures that the signal energy is focused on the receiving unit, making interception of the beam extremely difficult.Another view of the narrow beam divergence inherent in FSO transmission. (For clarity only one transit beam is shown.)FSO SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS:Signal Propagation Impediments:Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21FREE SPACE OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSFREE SPACE OPTIC COMMUNICATIONSPresented By: Ankur S. Presented By: Ankur S. SharmaSharmaCourse: ECEE-641 Fiber Course: ECEE-641 Fiber Optics and Optical Optics and Optical Communications ICommunications IInstructor: Instructor: Dr. Timothy P. KurzwegDr. Timothy P. KurzwegPRESENTATION LAYOUT:PRESENTATION LAYOUT:Introduction to the concepts of Free Space Optics (FSO).Introduction to the concepts of Free Space Optics (FSO).Propagation concepts, Link Budget calculations.Propagation concepts, Link Budget calculations.FSO: Last Mile Bottleneck Solution.FSO: Last Mile Bottleneck Solution.Configurations of FSO systems.Configurations of FSO systems.Chaining in FSO SystemsChaining in FSO SystemsDATA security/ Safety considerations for FSO systems.DATA security/ Safety considerations for FSO systems.Signal Propagation impediments.Signal Propagation impediments.Advantages of FSO as regards to other widely used Advantages of FSO as regards to other widely used systems.systems.Physical Applications of FSO systemsPhysical Applications of FSO systemsManufacturers/Players in field of FSO.Manufacturers/Players in field of FSO.Requirements of a good Requirements of a good Transmission System:Transmission System:High BandwidthHigh BandwidthHigh BERHigh BERLow SNRLow SNRPower efficientPower efficientProvide Data Security.Provide Data Security.Low costLow costEasy to install and maintainEasy to install and maintain..Introduction to the concepts of Free Introduction to the concepts of Free Space Optics (FSO)Space Optics (FSO)FSO is a line-of-sight technology FSO is a line-of-sight technology which uses LASERS and Photo which uses LASERS and Photo detectors to provide optical detectors to provide optical connections between two points—connections between two points—without the fiber.without the fiber.FSO can transmit data, voice or FSO can transmit data, voice or video at speeds capable of video at speeds capable of reaching 2.5 Gbps. Products reaching 2.5 Gbps. Products capable of speeds upto 10 Gbps capable of speeds upto 10 Gbps are expected to hit the markets are expected to hit the markets within one year.within one year.FSO units consist of an optical FSO units consist of an optical transceiver with a laser transceiver with a laser (transmitter) and a Photo detector (transmitter) and a Photo detector (receiver) to provide full duplex (bi-(receiver) to provide full duplex (bi-directional) capability.directional) capability.FSO systems use invisible infrared FSO systems use invisible infrared laser light wavelengths in the laser light wavelengths in the 750nm to 1550nm range.750nm to 1550nm range.FSO Major Sub SystemFSO Major Sub SystemFree Space Optic Link Equation:Free Space Optic Link Equation:• • Preceived = received powerPreceived = received power• • Ptransmit = transmit powerPtransmit = transmit power• • Areceiver = receiver areaAreceiver = receiver area• • Div = beam divergence (in radians)Div = beam divergence (in radians)• • Range = link lengthRange = link lengthDenver, Colorado Fog/Snowstorm ConditionsDenver, Colorado Fog/Snowstorm ConditionsTheoretical Maximum Range:Theoretical Maximum Range:LAST MILE BOTTLENECKSLAST MILE BOTTLENECKS Less then 5% of all buildings in the Less then 5% of all buildings in the US have a direct connection to the US have a direct connection to the very high speed (2.5-10 Gbps) fiber very high speed (2.5-10 Gbps) fiber optic backbone, yet more than 75% optic backbone, yet more than 75% of businesses are within 1 mile of of businesses are within 1 mile of the fiber backbone. the fiber backbone. Most of these businesses are Most of these businesses are running some high speed data running some high speed data network within their building, such network within their building, such as fast Ethernet (100 Mbps), or as fast Ethernet (100 Mbps), or Gigabit Ethernet (1.0 Gbps). Gigabit Ethernet (1.0 Gbps). Yet, their Internet access is only Yet, their Internet access is only provided by much lower bandwidth provided by much lower bandwidth technologies available though the technologies available though the existing copper wire infrastructure existing copper wire infrastructure (T-1 (1.5 Mbps), cable modem (5 (T-1 (1.5 Mbps), cable modem (5 Mbps shared) DSL (6 Mbps one Mbps shared) DSL (6 Mbps one way) ), etc.way) ), etc. The last mile problem is to connect The last mile problem is to connect the high bandwidth from the fiber the high bandwidth from the fiber optic backbone to all of the optic backbone to all of the businesses with high bandwidth businesses with high bandwidth networks.networks.DSL and cable modems cannot provide true DSL and cable modems cannot provide true broadband services. Cable modems enjoy higher broadband services. Cable modems enjoy higher capacity, yet the channel is shared and the capacity, yet the channel is shared and the amount of bandwidth at any given time is not amount of bandwidth at any given time is not guaranteed.guaranteed.Copper lines provide data rates to a fraction of 1 Copper lines provide data rates to a fraction of 1 Mbps.Mbps.T1 lines can reach upto a few Mbps but are still T1 lines can reach upto a few Mbps but are still far away from the Gbps speed which the fiber far away from the Gbps speed which the fiber backbone can