SONETTopicsSonet OverviewFrame Structure StandardsTransmission Speed StandardsTypical Sonet ConnectionNetwork ConfigurationsSONET Rings (self healing rings)Slide 9Advantages of SonetReferences:Slide 1201/14/19 Radha Gummuluri 1SONETSONETPresented by Radha GummuluriECE-E 641 Fiber Optic Communications01/14/19 Radha Gummuluri 2Topics What is SONETFrame Structure and Transmission Speed StandardsTypical Sonet Connection and Sonet Network ElementsNetwork ConfigurationsRing Architecture (Self Healing Rings)Advantages of SONET01/14/19 Radha Gummuluri 3Sonet Overview•Standard for Optical telecommunications •Formulated by Exchange Carriers Standards Association (ECSA) for ANSI •Defines the Optical Carrier (OC) levels and electrically equivalent synchronous transport signals (STS) •Synchronous design allows efficient multiplexing of lower level STS signals into a higher level STS signal without bit stuffing.•SONET/SDH is the primary backbone transmission technology for national and international carriersToday, there are over 150,000 SONET rings deployed in North America alone01/14/19 Radha Gummuluri 490*N columns 87*N columnsFrame Structure StandardsFrame Structure of an STS-1 SONET frame Section and Synchronous Payload envelope Line (SPE) Overhead Section and Synchronous Payload envelope Line (SPE) Overhead90 columns 87 columns 3Path overhead (1 column) 9 rows of bytesFrame Structure of an STS-N SONET frame Section and Synchronous Payload envelope Line (SPE) Overhead Section and Synchronous Payload envelope Line (SPE) Overhead 3*NPath overhead (N column) 9 rows of bytesSTS-1 = (90 bytes/row)(9 rows/frame)(8 bits/byte)(125µs/frame) = 51.84Mb/s01/14/19 Radha Gummuluri 5Transmission Speed StandardsSONETOC levelElectrical levelLine rate Mb/sCapacity SDH OC-1 STS-1 51.84 28 DS1 or 1 DS3 -OC-3 STS-3 155.52 84 DS1 or 3 DS3 STM-1OC-12 STS-12 622.08 336 DS1 or 12 DS3 STM-4OC-48 STS-48 2488.32 1344 DS1 or 48 DS3 STM-16OC-192 STS-192 9953.28 5376 DS1 or 192 DS3 STM-64Transmission DistanceSONET terminology SDH terminology<= 2 km Short-reach Intra office15 Km Intermediate-reach Short-haul40km at 1310nm Long-reach Long-haul80km at 1550nm Long-reach Long-haul120km at 1550nm Long-reach Very long-haul160km at 1550nm Long-reach Ultra long-haulSonet terminology for Transmission distances OC-192 SONET RingOC-12 SONET RingOC-48 SONET RingSmall EnterpriseRequires < 155Mbps of BandwidthOC-12OC-3Larger EnterpriseRequires < 622Mbps of Bandwidth01/14/19 Radha Gummuluri 6Typical Sonet ConnectionLTELine Terminal EquipmentLTELine Terminal EquipmentLTELine Terminal EquipmentLTELine Terminal EquipmentPTEPath Terminal EquipmentPTEPath Terminal EquipmentPTEPath Terminal Equipment PTEPath Terminal Equipment Section Line PathTerminal MultiplexerAdd drop MultiplexerDigital Cross Connect (X-Connect)RegeneratorSection Overhead•Section error monitoring •Provision of orderwire channel for voice communication•Provision of data communication for OAM&P to facilitate network management•FramingLine Overhead Path Overhead•Consists of bytes for locating the SPE in the frame performance monitoring of STS-SPE•Concatenating of signals path status byte for maintenance purpose•Line performance and error monitoring path trace•Automatic protection switching01/14/19 Radha Gummuluri 7Network Configurations PTE PTE regPoint to Point PTE ADM reg PTE regPoint to MultipointMuxmuxmuxmuxDcsHub Network01/14/19 Radha Gummuluri 8 1 Node 4 2 3RXTXNode 1 Node 2Node 4 Node 312348765Primary pathProtection PathUnidirectional Path-Switched Ring (UPSR)SONET Rings (self healing rings) Primary path 123456Protection path01/14/19 Radha Gummuluri 9Bidirectional Line-Switched Ring (BLSR) Node1Node 2 Node3Node 4 1 2 3 4Protection switching loopbacksPrimary bidirectional loopSecondary bidirectional protection loop2p7p1p8p4p5p3p6p1s8s2s7s6s3s5s4s01/14/19 Radha Gummuluri 10Advantages of SonetDefines a set of generic standards that enable products from different vendors to be connected.Facilitates adding and dropping of signals with a single multiplexer.Has a flexible architecture that is capable of accommodating future applications, with different transmission ratesReduces the equipment requirement and increases the network reliability.Presence of payload and overhead bytes, where the overhead bytes provide network management at various levels.SONET/SDH NetworkIPLAN Traffic(Ethernet)ATMIPLAN Traffic(Ethernet)ATMATM99.9% of all data traffic goes across the SONET network, including IP99.9% of all data traffic goes across the SONET network, including IP01/14/19 Radha Gummuluri 11References:•[1] “advances in optical switching and networking: past, present and future”, proceedings IEEE Southeast Con 2002•[2]”sonet: now it’s the standard optical network”, IEEE communications magazine, March 1989, volume 27, number 3•[3] synchronous Optical Networks (SONET) document by www.iec.org •[4] sonet network elements document by www.tektronix.com/optical•[5]”a class of self healing ring architectures for sonet network applications”, IEEE transactions on communications, vol 40, no. 11, nov.199201/14/19 Radha Gummuluri 12THANK