Why Study Organic Chemistry?Because I’m required to okay but also:Because Im required to, okay, but also:PharmaceuticsWhat structural featuresPolymer Materials ScienceHow do we design synthesizeWhat structural features make drugs effective, bioavailable, toxic, degrade?How do we design, synthesize polymers with desired properties?tacrolimus,an immunosuppressantBiochemistry & Cell BiologyHow do molecular structures of proteins, DNA/RNA relate to function?How do cells respond to smallmolecule cues?expanded polystyrene(Styrofoam) packagingHow do cells respond to small-molecule cues?34E4,a catalytic antibodypackagingThese and more depend on dtdibdiunderstanding bonding, structure, reactivity of organic molecules.Organic Chemistry is AboutVl El tValence ElectronsValence electrons: Electrons in outermost atomic shell.Valence electrons are available for bonding andValence electrons are available for bonding and reactions; They dictate the shapes of molecules, character of bonds between atoms, reactivity of groups of atoms.Question:How many valence electrons areQuestion:How many valence electrons are associated with an atom?Answer:Use the Periodic TableAnswer:Use the Periodic Table.Using the Periodic Table to DetermineAtom ValencyAtom ValencyGroupHHe112345678HLi Be NeFONHeCB12riodNaKMgCaArClSPKrBrSeAsSiAlGeGa34PerKCaKrBrSeAsGeGa4Each element has one more electron than the element on its leftEach element has one more electron than the element on its left.Can understand electron distribution using “Aufbau” principle.Using the Periodic Table to DetermineAtom ValencyAtom ValencyGroupHHe112345678HLi Be NeFONHeCB12riodNaKMgCaArClSPKrBrSeAsSiAlGeGa34PerKCaKrBrSeAsGeGa4sblockdblockpblocks-blockd-blockp-blockUsing the Periodic Table to DetermineAtomValencyAtom ValencyFrom General Chemistry: HHe112345678HNeFONHeCB1electron1s2felectron density1selectron ditnode2pnucleusdistance from nucleusdensitydistance from nucleusnucleusUsing the Periodic Table to DetermineAtom ValencyAtom ValencyGroup11234567812riodC34Per4What is the electronic configuration of carbon (C)?g()Using the Periodic Table to DetermineAtom ValencyAtom ValencyGroup1s21123456781s12riodC2s22p234Per4What is the electronic configuration of carbon (C)?g()How many electrons are in the valence (outer) shell of carbon?Using the Periodic Table to DetermineAt V lAtom ValencyGroup112345678GroupH12odCH3PerioCl4How many electrons are in the valence (outer) shell of these
View Full Document
Unlocking...