STAT 110 1nd Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Previous Lecture I. Percent Change II. Measurement DefinitionsOutline of Current LectureCurrent LectureI. Types of Variables a. Nominal: name of a category. For example: male, femaleb. Ordinal: has a natural order. For example: freshman, sophomore, junior, seniorc. Quantitative: has a distinct cutoff between values. For example: height, weightd. Continuous: flows along a continuum. For example: degrees Celsius II. Distributions of Variablesa. The distribution of a variable tells us what value an observation takes and how often these observations occur. A distribution can be a table, graph, function of list. b. Types of Distributions:i. Pie Chart: a pie chart shows how a whole is divided into parts and can be used to graphically represent the distribution of a categorical variable.ii. Bar graph: a bar graph shows the number or percentage of items in each category where the bars are proportional. Bar graphs can be used to graphically represent a categorical variable or compare a quantitative variable across categories. NOTE: the bars do NOT TOUCH in a bar graph.1. A frequency bar graph displays counts of observations2. A relative frequency bar graph displays percentages of observationsiii. Line Graph: used to display change over time. They can be used to show quantitative variables changing over time by plotting each observation against the time at which it was measured. 1. A trend is a lasting upward or downward movement over time2. A pattern that repeats itself at known, regular intervals of time is called seasonal variation.3. Many series of regular measurements over time are seasonally adjusted. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iv. Histogram: displays a quantitative variable across different groupings of values. All groupings must cover the same range so that the bars on the histogram are equal in width. The