Personal Software Process Overview CIS 376 Bruce R Maxim UM Dearborn Process Improvement 1 Define the quality goal 2 Measure product quality 3 Understand the process 4 Adjust the process 5 Use the adjusted process 6 Measure the results 7 Compare results to goal 8 Go to step 4 and continue improvements These notes are based on Introduction to the Personal Software Process Watts S Humphrey Addison Wesley Longman 1997 Logic of Time Management You will likely spend your time this week the same way you did last week You have to track the way you spend time to allow for planning You must compare your time estimates and plans to what you actually did You need to determine where your previous plans were in error and correct future planning To mange your time you need to make a plan and follow your plan Understanding How You Spend Time Categorize your major activities Record time spent in each major activity Record time in a standard way Keep the time data in a convenient place engineering notebook include a table of contents used for planning and recording time Tabular Time Recording Log Pages Date Start Time Stop Time Interruption Time Delta Time interruption time removed Activity Name Comments Completed Task check box Units of Work Completed Hints on Logging Time Keep the engineering notebook with you at all times When you forget to record a time make an estimate and write it down as soon as possible Use a stop watch to time interruptions Summarize your time promptly Period and Product Planning Period Planning based on period of time e g week details how time is spent during this period Product Planning based on an activity e g writing a program products may be things like programs documents knowledge or service provided Both are important Period Planning Using the Weekly Activity Summary Table with task names as column headings and days dates as the row labels Table cells contain total time on that task for a given date Totals are computed for each row and column Summary table is computed for current week and compared to summary table for previous week Weekly Summary Table Task1 Task2 Task3 Task4 Total Time Average Time Maximum Time Minimum Time Total Product Plan Components Estimated size of the product Important features of product Time estimates for the required work Projected schedule Note Small jobs do not require plans that are as sophisticated as large jobs Job Number Log Rows are organized for each project task not by date Columns Date Process Estimated Time and Units based on past experience Actual Time Units and Production Rate To Date Time Units Production Rate Minimum Production Rate and Maximum Production Rate Elements of Time Management Decide how you want to spend your time Make a time budget Track the way you spend your time Decide what changes to make in your time budget Make your actions agree with your time budget Managing Variable Time Determine your highest priority items Determine the deadlines for specific tasks Identify activities that you want to do as soon as you have time to do them Managing Commitments Personal commitments are viewed as being voluntary Contractual commitments involve two parties agreeing on an action and a time frame True commitments involve explicit and voluntary agreement between two or more parties Agreements Required What will be done Who will do it When it will be done Compensation or other consideration to be given upon completion Who is to provide the compensation Managing Commitments Analyze the job before agreeing to the commitment Support the commitment with a plan Document the agreement If you are unable to complete your commitment notify all affected parties promptly and try to minimize the impact of your failure to complete your obligation Handling Missed Commitments Don t just give up trying Check with an independent expert for alternative strategies to meet the commitment Consider adding resources to project Look for smarter ways to do the design Waiting until the last minute to recognize the problem always leads to disaster Consequences of Failing to Manage Commitments Work required exceeds time available Failure to meet commitments Misplaced priorities Poor quality work Loss of trust Loss of respect for your judgement Project Management If you are falling behind your schedule will continue to slip unless you do something different Simply trying harder will not help You are in trouble if you do not know how much of a project is completed and how much remains When you need luck to meet a commitment you will not get it When your estimates are wrong they are most likely to be too low Almost all changes involve more work Managing Personal Schedules Gantt charts based on project check points or milestones e g completed activities Tracking earned value e g line graphs showing estimated projected and actual completion times MS Project type tools Why are we doing all this The quality of a software system is determined by the quality of its worst components The quality of a software components is determined by the quality of its developer s knowledge discipline and commitment As software professionals you should now how to measure track and analyze your own performance You should be able to learn from your past failures and improve your personal practices What is Personal Software Process PSP0 You establish a measured performance baseline PSP1 You make size resource and schedule plans PSP2 You practice defect management and yield management PSP3 You scale up PSP methods to larger projects PSP Overview 2 PSP3 Cyclic development PSP2 Code reviews Design reviews PSP1 Size estimating Test report PSP0 Current process Time recording Defect recording Defect type standard PSP2 1 Design templates PSP1 1 Task planning Schedule planning PSP0 1 Coding standard Size measurement Process improvement proposal PIP The CMM and the PSP 2 5 4 3 2 1 Level 1 Level 5 Process change management Technology innovation Defect prevention Level 4 Quality management Process measurement and analysis Level 3 Peer reviews Intergroup coordination Software product engineering Integrated software management Training program Organization process definition Organization process focus Level 2 Software configuration management Software quality assurance Software subcontract management Software project tracking and oversight Software project planning Requirements management PSP key process areas PSP0 Process A simple defined personal process Uses your current design and