PowerPoint PresentationSlide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Energy Generation 1Chapter 14 Energy generation in Mitochondria and ChloroplastsNot responsible for 1) Detailed mechanism of the Ps reaction center (Figure 14-33)2) Photosynthesis in bacteria (pp 480-483)Questions in this chapter you should be able to answer:Chapter 14: 1 - 4, 6 – 12, 14 - 23View The Virtual Cell animations for - e- transport - ATP synthase - photosynthesisEnergy Generation 2A Quick review…How is energy transferred to ATP?Substrate-level phosphorylationPi comes from a substrate moleculeChemiosmotic phosphorylationATP synthesis is coupled to NADH oxidationEnergy Generation 3How is oxidation of NADH coupled to ATP synthesis?E- transport - H+ pumping - ATP synthaseWhich creates a ‘proton-motive’ force through a H+ electrochemical gradientEnergy Generation 4What are the molecular components of the e- transport system? Question 14-3, p 457What are consequences of DNP and nigericin on the proton gradient?(Cyt b-c1)E- transportEnergy Generation 5Why do electrons pass between e- transport proteins?Iron-sulfur groups lower redox potential = lower affinity for e-heme groups higher redox potential = higher affinityWhy do e-transport proteins bind e- ?Iron-sulfur groups heme groups of cytochromesEnergy Generation 6What is the mechanism the ATP synthase?ATP synthase can also function as an ATPaseATP synthaseJmol ATP synthase modelEnergy Generation 7What is the evidence that ATP synthesis is driven by Chemiosmosis?Reconstituted systemsQuestionsA) For system ‘B’ to function, what metabolites and pH conditions must exist outside and inside the vesicles?B) Suppose that system ‘B’ were constituted “inside out”. Diagram this scenario and explain why ATP synthesis would not occur. C) How could system ‘B’ be made to function as an ATPase?Energy Generation 8Energy capture during photosynthesisWhat is the structure of chloroplasts?What are the two stages of Ps?Explain why the light-independent reactions only occur in the presence of light.Energy Generation 9How is energy captured by chlorophyll? Antenna (‘light harvesting’) complexReaction Center Chl Porphyrin ringEnergy Generation 10What does the Z-scheme show?PSII Reaction center- donates e- to platoquinone- replaces with e- from H2OEnergy Generation 11How is ATP and NADH generated during the light reactions?Z-schemeP680 and P700 Rx centersCoupling to chemiosmosisNADP reductionMembrane architectureQuestion 14-10 p 477Chloroplasts do not have an ATP transporter. How then do plant cells obtain ATP to carry out other metabolic processes?PS e- transportEnergy Generation 12How is CO2 ‘fixed’ into organic form?-- light-independent Rxs-- Calvin / Bensen cycle-- RUBP carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco)1. CO2 Fixation RUBP carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco)2. Carbon Reduction3. RUBP