111Lec. 12: Ch. 4 –The Camera and PhotographyPhotography as artCamera partsLenses for camerasControlling lightPhotography as scienceWe are hereRead chapter 4 through 4.7b. Next homework is due Thursday, Oct. 7 Next time: bring your clickerWe covered these 32 vugraphs on Sept. 3022Siege of Yorktown, 1861James F. Gibson233William Henry Jackson. Mountain of the Holy Cross. 1873.Photography replaced paintingto describe the western USAlbert BierstadtLooking Down Yosemite ValleyOil painting1865 44Wright Bros., 1903Photography as proof. Jackalope, 2003?355Alfred Stieglitz1864‐1946Photography as art66Edward Steichen,1879‐1973Glamour photographyCompare to Max Ernst, surrealism47Compare Steichen to Monet, Impressionism8Edward Weston1886‐1958 Compare to 15thcentury painting with folded cloth59Imogen Cunningham1883‐1976Ansel Adams by CunninghamCompare to O’Keeffe10Fine focusHarsh lightingSoft focus (not out of focus)Diffuse lighting61111Ansel Adams1902‐1984nature photography1212Ansel AdamsSnake River 194271313Lec. 9: Ch. 4 –The Camera and PhotographyPhotography as artCamera partsLenses for camerasControlling lightPhotography as scienceWe are here1314Daguerreotype14Poe, 1848Paris, 1838Subject must remain still for minutes.Silver droplets on polished silver. 815I. Camera parts1. Lens2. Shutter3. Diaphragm4. Focusing screen5. Film (or CCD chip)1516Camera parts16LensSheet filmholderBellowsShutter &DiaphragmFocus knobThis is an old‐fashioned view camera. 917Two common kinds of cameras• Point and shootOne lens, viewfinder or liquid crystal display (LCD)Point and shoot digital• Single lens reflex (SLR)Interchangeable lensesSingle-lens reflex18Focal length of lens determines magnification• Long focal length = telephoto • Short focal length = wide angle (bigger image) 50 mm normal lens85 mm portrait lens1019Some common lens focal lengthsfor film cameras40º28 mm f. l.Wide angle50 mm f. l.normal135 mm f. l.telephoto15º65º20Zoom lenses have adjustable focal length25 mm f.l. to 250 mm f.l = 10x zoomLens may have two fixed groups and two moving groups to hold focus constant while zooming1121Camera parts1. Lens, focal length2. Shutter (on the lens)3. Diaphragm (on the lens)4. Focusing screen or LCD5. Film (or CCD chip)We are here22Shutter speedThe shutter controls the duration of the light.Common shutter speeds1/15 sec1/30 sec1/60 sec FACTORS OF 2 in light1/125 sec1/250 sec1/500 secEach change lets in half the light.1223F number determines amount of light Big diameter lens = low f-number, like f-number 1.4Heavy. Cost more! Works in low light and indoors.Small diameter lens = big f-number, like f-number 3.5.For outdoors, weigh less. dFopening ofdiameter length focalf ==Example: 200 mm focal length / 25 mm opening = f-number 824F-number scale = factors of two in light1 Big opening1.422.845.6 Factors of √2 apart81116 Small openingAmount of light scales with areaArea scales with (diameter)2more lightless lightDiaphragm has variable opening.1325What f-number scale looks like26Amount of lightf number Amount of light1 100%1.4 50%2 25% or 1/42.8 1/841/165.6 1/32 81/641427Why can images be out of focus?Ffuzzyin focusRays of light diverge on either side of the focal point. 28What is depth of field? Depth of field is how far objects can be apart and still be nearly in focus.FAre not in focus at the same place1529f-number 8 has more depth of field (less blur)than f-number 2Ffuzzyin focusbig blursmall blur30Equivalent exposure settings (same light)¼ sec. lets subjects moveBackground in focus(good depth of field)1/250sec. stops motionBackground out of focus1631Camera parts1. Lens, focal length2. Shutter (on the lens)3. Diaphragm (on the lens)4. Focusing screen or LCD5. Film (or CCD chip)We are hereDemo: 35 mm slidesFocusing screen or “ground glass”Single-lens reflexFocusing screen for 35 mm film
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