RELG 102 1st Edition Exam 2 Study Guide Lecture 3 5 Lecture 3 January 28 When did Judaism start 1 Theology of the bible may not be the same theology of ancient Israel Sun down to sun down Friday to Saturday night you are not allowed to work 2 Monotheism is a loaded word and didn t develop over night 3 Israel means many things Kingdom state and people 4 Founded upon covenant Introduction Hebrew is the language of Jewish scripture o No vowels in Hebrew Very ancient language Read from right to left The roots of Judaism Covenant first made with Abraham if he ever existed somewhere around 1800 1400 BCE Was Abraham the first Jew God promises him land and a nation Certainly we could start with Moses if he existed He received the Torah around the 1200s BCE Mt Sinai is a cornerstone event in Jewish history What about king David o God promises David that from him would come Israel s rulers o Rules around 1000 BCE o Was he a great king Lecture 4 January 30 After the exile of 586 BCE Judaism begins to take shape Conquered Jerusalem Destroyed temple in Iraq Many people were killed Priest codify the laws Messiah was now used as a savior Why these changes It could be problematic Adapt religion to the modern world Temple was gone Homeland was gone Theology needed change Religions change over time as needed Judaism is now influenced by other religions o Persians and Greeks Temple is built in 500s People return to Israel 2nd temple destroyed Judaism is not a mosaic faith Legal codes Torah is the key Judaism is an interpreting religion Free will is important Gods gift was the Torah Torah o o o o o o Often misinterpreted It is more than instruction or law It is the entire compendium of Jewish learning 613 laws in it entire compendium of Jewish knowledge Torah reviews to the Hebrew bible Tanakh Hebrew scriptures all of them has three parts to it Torah Nevi im Ketuvim o Just refer to the 5 books of Moses o The end Nevi im prophets o Ketuvim writings o Story of Hillel Creation History of Jewish people Lecture 5 February 11 The rabbis after CE 70 the rabbis have 2 important social goals o to increase membership o to govern Jewish society there was no technical systematic theology but three basic principles 1 Unity of god 2 The divine origin of written and oral Torah 3 Resurrection Judaism Torah oral laws are recorded Mishnah around 200 CE o Series of discussions laws debates from the rabbis Gemara a little later o Second volume of the Mishnah Mishnah Gemara Talmud Two Talmud s by the sixth century CE 586 BCE When babylonians destroyed the temple Talmud means study Modern Judaism Judaism continued to develop Originally Judaism is only orthodox All laws of the Torah to be followed still based on the rabbis Things change over time enlightenment is both good and bad for Jews 1700 o Example Napolean Orthodox Judaism 1 Orthodox Judaism o most religious o term first used in 1795 o original laws are followed o 613 commandments o official form in Israel o Moses wrote Torah o Also ultra Orthodox 3 Reform Judaism o least religious o answered the question of how to be both secular and Jewish at the same times o gained ground in Germany in 1800s o science o archaic practices dropped for more user friendly ones o although it irritated orthodox Jews it was good in that it dissuaded conversion 2 Conservative Judaism o the compromise of both religions orthodox was to strict and reform was to lenient o more religious that reform but less than orthodox o further developed in America in the late 1800s o not all congregations are the same Jewish holidays High holidays are Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur Hanukkah o Last eight days o Means dedication o Not all Jewish holidays are in the bible Yom Kippur is considered the most important holiday in Judaism o Ten holy days ten days of awe Rosh Hashanah head of the year o Repent o Prayer o Charity You have ten days to do all three Passover