Chemistry 151PowerPoint PresentationSlide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 72012: States of Matter ActivitySlide 92012: Reactions ActivitySlide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 142008: Solutions ActivitySlide 16Slide 172010: Density ActivitySlide 19Slide 202012: Soap ActivitySlide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Chemistry 151Chemistry 151Structure of Matter(from an elementary school perspective)Structure of Matter(from an elementary school perspective)•All material things are comprised of matter, which occupies space and has mass.•The study of matter and the changes it undergoes is chemistry.MatterMeasuring matter•Chemists use the International System of units (SI units.)•Chemistry often involves measuring matter.Measuring matter•Even simple measurements are fun and challenging for kids!Measuring matter•Any measurement is inherently inexact, so scientists often do many experiments.Accuracy: closeness to true value.Precision: agreement between measurements.Measuring matterStates of mattersolid: a definite shape and volumeliquid: a distinct volume but no specific shapegas: no fixed volume or shape; it conforms to the volume and shape of its container2012: States of Matter Activity 2012: States of Matter Activity Castle ChallengeKayla Erf‘14•Prince Charming needs your help! He is trying to save his princess from the tower of the tallest castle but is facing some obstacles, like quicksand!Chemical vs. physical changesChemical changes: new substances are formed.Physical changes: no new substances are formed.2012: Reactions Activity 2012: Reactions Activity Who’s Polluting the River?•Students test water samples to identify which business is dumping pollutants into the Kennebec.The nature of matter•All matter is composed of atoms.Elements•Atoms are the smallest particles of the elements.•About 90 different elements occur in nature.Types of matter•Pure substances contain a single type of particle.•Mixtures contain more than one type of particle.Mixtures2008: Solutions Activity 2008: Solutions Activity How Dense Is Your Sports Drink?Sarah Dallas ‘10Figure 2. Hydrometers are used to measure a liquid’s specific gravity, or density relative to water.•The goal of this experiment is to have kids connect the amount of sugar in a liquid with the liquid’s density. •They will be able to see if there is any correlation between the sugar content and the density of a liquid.Like dissolves like.•Polar substances dissolve in polar solvents.Forming solutionsLike dissolves like.•Nonpolar substances dissolve in nonpolar solvents.Forming solutions2010: Density Activity 2010: Density Activity Rainbow Density BottleLyoe Lee ‘11•This activity demonstrates how different liquids and objects with different density can float or sink in one another.•Soaps are molecules with both nonpolar and polar regions that dissolve greasy dirt in water.Forming emulsions•Soaps are molecules with both nonpolar and polar regions that dissolve greasy dirt in water.Forming emulsions2012: Soap Activity 2012: Soap Activity Ben Joslin‘12•This activity demonstrates the effect of soap on surface tensionAcid-base reactions•Acid-base reactions are a type of chemical change that occurs in solution.•Acid-base reactions are a type of chemical change that occurs in solution.•Acids and bases are common in the home and in nature.Acid-base reactionspH Scale•The pH scale is a way to measure the amount of acid.In- + H+ HInAcid-base indicatorsAcid-base indicatorsAcid-base