Chapter 22 Urbanization and Sustainable Cities22.1 UrbanizationLargest Metropolitan Areas22.2 Why Do Cities Grow?Cities are ToughCities Re-Invent Themselves22.3 Urban Challenges In The Developing WorldSlide 8Slide 9Slide 1022.4 Urban Challenges In The Developed World22.5 Smart GrowthChapter 22 Urbanization and Sustainable Cities22.1 Urbanization•Cities have specialized functions as well as large populations–Trade Centers (New York)–Resource Extraction (Pittsburgh, Houston)–Manufacturing (Detroit)–All Require Vast Array of Service Industries•Large cities are expanding rapidlyLargest Metropolitan AreasTokyo Japan 32,450,000Seoul South Korea 20,550,000Mexico City Mexico 20,450,000New York United States 19,750,000Mumbai India 19,200,000Jakarta Indonesia 18,900,000São Paulo Brazil 18,850,000Delhi India 18,600,000Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Japan 17,375,000Shanghai China 16,650,000Manila Philippines 16,300,000Hong Kong-Shenzhen China 15,800,000Los Angeles United States 15,250,00022.2 Why Do Cities Grow? •Immigration is driven by push and pull factors–Push•Lack of Land•Violence•Social Pressures–Pull•Jobs•Lifestyle •Government policies can drive urban growthCities are Tough•Small towns frequently die because of economic problems, resource exhaustion, disasters or war, but large cities are rarely abandoned•Vijayanagara, India (Destroyed 1565) is one of the most recent large cities (500,000) to be completely abandoned•Pripyat, Ukraine (50,000) was abandoned after Chernobyl (1986)•No large cities were abandoned because of World War IICities Re-Invent Themselves•Pittsburgh: Steel Technology•Milwaukee: Brewing Service•Dubai: Oil Finance•Detroit?•New Orleans?22.3 Urban Challenges In The Developing World•Traffic congestion and air quality are growing problems •Insufficient sewage treatment causes water pollution •Insufficient Public Utilities•Many cities lack adequate housing22.4 Urban Challenges In The Developed World•Urban sprawl consumes land and resources•Expanding suburbs force long commutes•Why not find out why people leave cities and fix those problems?–Crowding–Behavior •Mass-transit could make our cities more livable22.5 Smart Growth•Garden cities and new towns were early examples of smart growth •New urbanism advanced the ideas of smart growth •Victor Gruen and the Shopping Mall•Green urbanism promotes sustainable cities •Open space design preserves landscapes–Who pays for Open
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