Psyc230: Exam 1 Review Exam Date: Sec 1 – Monday, Jan 29th, Sec 2 – Tues, Jan 30th Exam 1 will be worth 80 points. The exam will be multiple-choice and matching (80%). You will have approximately 50 min to complete the exam. Study Tips: Your first exam will cover chapters 1-3, lectures, and additional in-class material discussed. Recommended study tips would be to: (a) first go over lecture notes to be sure they are complete with study outline and (b) re-read chapters 1-3 to supplement related class notes, and Study Outline Tenets of Lifespan Developmental Psychology • Be VERY familiar with each of the six tenets of lifespan development. • Be able to come up with examples of each tenet as they relate to human development. • What is the difference between stability and change in human development? Can you provide an example? • What is the difference between continuity and discontinuity in human development? • Which human development theories are best represented by continuity? Discontinuity? • What does the ‘wave’ view of human development say? Conceptions of Age • Why is chronological age not necessarily the best way to conceptualize age? • What are some different ways of conceptualizing age beyond chronological age? Be able to identify the different ways. • Be able to recognize examples or identify different ways of conceptualizing age. Theories on Human Development • Be able to identify the other types of theories on human development discussed in class. Be able to determine how the theories are similar or different to lifespan developmental psychology theory • Be extra familiar with Vygotsky and Bronfrenbrenner’s theories on development • Be able to identify or provide examples of the different levels of Bronfrenbrenner’s Ecological Model. Research Designs in Lifespan Developmental Psychology • What are the different types of data that are collected in developmental psychology? Can you provide examples of these different collection methods? • What do we know about heterogeneity within age groups for younger vs. older adults? • Be able to identify, explain or provide examples of the 3 factors influencing within group differences • Be able to identify and explain the 3 fundamental effects in life span research in the context of the 4 different research designs. • 4 developmental study designs – be able to identify each design, which of the fundamental effects are or are not controlled for and why, and the advantages and disadvantages of each design • Experimental Study Designs – be able to identify an example. Why is it difficult to study the ‘effect of age on….?” in experimental research? Nature v. Nurture • What is nature and nurture? Can you provide an example of each? Genetics • According to Baltes, how important is evolution v. culture as we age? Explain.• What is phenotype v. genotype? How does it relate to dominant v. recessive inheritance? What about homozygous vs. heterozygous genes? What is an allele? What is a chromosome, how many do we have? What is DNA? • What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis? • What is a gamete? What is a zygote? • What is codominance? Can you provide an example? • Be able to identify and describe autosomal and X-linked chromosomal abnormalities Prenatal development • Be able to list and discuss the different stages of prenatal development (i.e., zygote, embryonic, and fetus)..what distinguishes them from each other • What time of prenatal development signifies a ‘sensitive period’ and why? • What are teratogens? Be able to identify and provide examples of teratogens and potential harmful effects. • methods of child birth delivery – what are some different and preferred methods of child birth delivery. What are some advantages and disadvantages of the different types of childbirth? • assessing a newborn – APGAR – now what each assessment item is and what it ultimately measures Longevity • What is the difference between life expectancy, life span, and maximum life span? • Why are individuals in the US living longer than previous generations? Consider socio-cultural-historical factors. • Why are we a ‘graying’ society? What is keeping the U.S. ‘younger’ than other graying countries, such as European countries? • What are some genetic (nature) and environmental (nurture) factors that might contribute or demote life expectancy? Physical Growth Trends • How do we grow in infancy? Cephaloclaudal & proximodistal • What is growth hormone deficiency? What are some possible causes of growth hormone deficiency? • What is puberty? When does it usually occur in childhood/adolescence? • What are some causes of the onset of puberty? • Be able to discuss the role of the different hormones in puberty. Be able to discuss gender differences in hormone production during puberty. • How does puberty relate to body image in adolescence? Be able to discuss gender differences in body image and psychosocial adjustment during puberty. • What are some physical growth trends that occur during middle age? The Brain • Be able to identify and discuss the structure and function of the major lobes of the brain. • Be able to identify the major parts of the neuron and ‘what’ the different parts of the neuron do. Be able to discuss what a neurotransmitter does. • What is lateralization? What contributes to communication between the two parts of the brain? • Consider the role of environment in infant brain growth. • What parts of the brain are important in adolescence? Why? • What are some brain changes that occur in mid-to late-adulthood? • What do we know about plasticity and the brain in research (e.g., Project ADEPT and the Nun Study). • Be familiar with the Nun Study. What does it tell us about the