Study Guide—Exam 2—Spring 2008—GEOL3200 lithostratigraphic unit (group, formation, member) time stratigraphic unit (era, period, epoch) time-stratigraphic unit (system...) biostratigraphic unit index fossils and biozones correlation absolute dates and geologic time scale fossils and fossil preservation define fossils-- what rock types are fossils found in? utility of fossils? age and environment organic evolution body fossils trace fossils preservation--how? what is required for good fossil preservation? unaltered remains altered remains permineralization carbonization recrystallization replacement evolution of evolutionary thought biblical--"fixity of species" Lamarck Darwin and Wallace Mendell and genetics Genes and chromosomes Mutations Speciation Species allopatric speciation rates of evolution: gradual vs. punctuated....? divergent and convergent evolution parallel evolution micro and macroevolution mosaic evolution extinctions! data supporting the theory of evolution tests of theory classification (Linnaean) biological evidence fossil evidence oldest rocks and minerals and their implications komatiites, temp of formation, and their implications other rocks of the Archeangreenstone belts granite-gneiss complexes continental accretion craton, shield, platform Earth’s early atmosphere Where did atmosphere and ocean come from? Oxygen state of early atmosphere and evidence Photochemical disassociation Photosynthesis Oldest life—when, what, where? Abiogenesis Stanley Miller experiment Ideas of abiogenesis regarding life on Earth Seafloor vents Proterozoic timescale Ediacaran as a timerock unit Rocks in Proterozoic Plate tectonics, crustal evolution Supercontinents in Proterozoic—Rodinia and Pannotia How is Proterozoic different than Archean and Phanerozoic? Orogenic and anorgogenic granites Glacial deposits at low latitudes Atmosphere and BIFs—models for BIF formation Signifiance of red beds Describe time, time-rock, and rock units. Why timerock units not established for the majority of the Precambrian timescale? How has this recently changed? What are banded-iron formations and what are their implications for Earth’s atmosphere in the Precambrian? Describe the mineral, rock and fossil record of the Hadean and Archean and use this to describe a day in early Earth time. Define evolution and give an example of how it