INTRODUCTORY LECTUREOPENING REMARKSWHAT IS HISTORY?RECONSTRUCTION OF PASTTHROUGH TIME MEN & WOMEN HAVE SUFFERED EXCLUSION FROM RECORDED HISTORY BECAUSE OF THEIR CLASSNO MAN HAS BEEN EXCLUDED FROM HISTORICAL RECORDBECAUSE OF HIS SEXYET WOMEN HAVEUNTIL FAIRLY RECENTLY ALL INTERPRETERS OF HISTORY HAVE BEEN MALEWHAT FORCES IN OUR SOCIETY TODAY INFLUENCE US ABOUT HOW WE REGARD WOMEN, YOUNG GALS, WIDOWS?POSSIBLE ANSWERSMOVIES, MTV, MUSIC, FAMOUS PEOPLEHOW WOULD YOU RATE THESE SOURCES AS REPRESENTATIVE OF WOMEN TODAY?WHEN & WHERE DO YOU THINK WE GOT OUR IDEAS CONCERNING WOMEN AS WIVES, SINGLE GALS, WIDOWS?IN PAST GREEK PLAYS, LITERATURE HAD INFLUENCE ON SOCIETY LIKE MOVIES, ETC. TODAYALSO HEBREWS, ROMANS, EARLY CHRISTIANS,ALL HAVE INFLUENCED GREATLY WAY WE THINK SOME OF SOURCES IMPACTING OUR VIEWPOINTS?ILIAD, ODYSSEY, BIBLE HESIOD'S THEOGONY, WORK & DAYSTHESE WRITINGS REMAINED REVERED & EVEN SACROSANCT LONG AFTER GREEKS, ROMANS & HEBREWS HAD CEASED TO BE NB PART OF HISTORYWHY DO WE NOW HAVE WOMEN'S HISTORY WHEN IN PAST WE DID NOT?HISTORIOGRAPHY OF WOMEN'S HISTORYDISCIPLINE NEW FROM EARLY 1970'SWITH REBIRTH OF FEMINISM IN 60'S & 70'S WOMEN BEGAN TO SEEK THEIR OWN PASTWOMEN'S HISTORY HAS ONLY RECENTLY ACQUIRED RECOGNITION AS VALUABLE FIELD OF STUDYJUST AS CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT IN 1950'S & 60'S LED TO INTEREST IN BLACK HISTORYINITIALLY ONLY 2 AREAS OF WOMEN'S HISTORY STUDIED UNTIL RECENTLYWOMAN'S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENTW/SEMINAL WORK OF ELEANOR FLEXNERCENTURY OF STRUGGLE 195919TH C. VICTORIAN TIMES WOMEN'S SPHERE & MEN'S SPHEREWOMEN'S CULT OF DOMESTICITYBUT WRITTEN MAINLY BY MENREASON WHY WOMEN EXCLUDED FROM HISTORY CAN BE EXPLAINED VERY BRIEFLYBASIC QUESTION HISTORIANS ASK IS:HOW DID PEOPLE LIVE IN PAST& WHY DID THEIR LIVES CHANGE?WHAT CAUSES & CONSEQUENCES OF CHANGE?SO HISTORIANS STUDIED PEOPLE WHO THEY THOUGHT CAUSED CHANGEPOWERFUL RULERSSUCCESSFUL GENERALS & WARSRELIGIOUS IDEASINSTITUTIONAL CHURCHMEN WHO HELD POSITIONS IN THESE AREASWHEN WOMEN FELL INTO THESE CATEGORIESCLEOPATRAQUEEN ELIZABETH ICATHERINE THE GREATJOAN OF ARCTHEN STUDIED TOOTRADITIONAL HISTORIANS OF PAST THOUGHT & FELT WHEN WOMEN ACTED LIKE WOMEN, BEING WIVES, MOTHERS, WORKERS & HOMEMAKERSTHEY DID NOT CAUSE CHANGEIN FACT, HISTORIANS WENT FURTHER STEP & SAID WOMEN DID NOT EVEN REACT TO CHANGETHEY THOUGHT MEDIEVAL MOTHER, VICTORIAN MOTHER PRETTY MUCH SAMEDURING 60'S & 70'S MANY WOMEN IN AMERICA WANTED TO HAVE CAREERS AS MEN DIDWHEN THEY TRIED TO MOVE INTO CAREERS MEN HAD WOMEN USUALLY TOLD TO GO BACK HOME & BE WIVES, MOTHERS, HOMEMAKERS BECAUSE ALL WOMEN HAD EVER DONESOME WOMEN QUESTIONED THIS& LOOKED AT HISTORY TO CHECK IT OUTDISCOVERED WOMEN IN DIFFERENT ERAS HAD PLAYED DIFFERENT ROLES IN HISTORY& HAD CAUSED CHANGE BUT HISTORIANS HAD TO LOOK AT HISTORY DIFFERENTLYSO WHAT MIGHT CHANGES FOR WOMEN INVOLVE?POSSIBLE ANSWERSCHANGING FAMILY VALUESSOCIAL MOVEMENTSECONOMIC CONDITIONSWOMEN 'S ACTIVITIES ARE INTERCONNECTED -CHANGES IN FAMILY, WORK OR COMMUNITY LIFEINVARIABLY LINKED TO CHANGES IN OTHER AREASCHANGE IN FEMALE EXPERIENCE IS OFTEN EXTREMELY SLOWWOMEN'S RIGHTS MOVEMENT TOOK MORE THAN 70 YRS TO ACHIEVE VOTE FOR WOMENSINCE IT TAKES SO LONG FOR MANY THINGS IN WOMEN'S LIFE THEN MULTI CAUSATION HAS TO BE EXPLOREDDOUBTERS OF WOMEN'S HISTORYMANY PEOPLE HONESTLY DOUBT SUBJECT -WOMEN'S HX OXYMORONSOME SERIOUS SCHOLARS ASK HOW HISTORY OF WOMEN DIFFERS 2FROM HISTORY IN GENERAL& SINCE SO LITTLE HISTORY OF WOMEN WRITTEN IN PASTMEANS DO NOT DESERVE BIGGER PLACE IN TEXT BOOKSQUESTIONS TO BE EXPLORED THIS QUARTERWHY HAVE PATRIARCHY SYSTEM INSTEAD OF MATRIARCHY?WAS EVER TIME WOMEN MORE PROMINENT?WAS GOD ORIGINALLY A WOMAN?IF WOMEN & MEN MORE EQUAL - WHAT CAUSED SHIFT?OTHER AREAS WE WILL BE STUDYING THIS QUARTERWOMEN'S LEGAL RIGHTS REGARDING MARRIAGEDIVORCEPROPERTYBUSINESSRELIGIONLEITMOTIFS IN WOMAN'S HISTORYWOMEN AS CATEGORY CF W/CLASS STANDINGMUST KEEP IN MIND DISTINCT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN UPPER CLASS WOMEN& WOMEN OF LOWER CLASSUNFORTUNATELY MOST OF OUR EXTANT SOURCES TO RECONSTRUCT HISTORY ABOUT UPPER CLASS WOMAN'S ROLE IN LIFE DEFINED BY HER LIFECYCLEWOMAN'S POSITION AS YOUNG GIRL, WIFE, MOTHER, WIDOWDETERMINED HER ROLE & STANDING IN SOCIETYMARRIAGE - SOCIETY'S MAIN EXPECTATION OF WOMENEXPECTED GOAL OF ALL WOMEN NOT SLAVES - MARRIAGEIN BOTH ANCIENT GREEK & HEBREW WORD FOR "WOMAN" ALSO WORD FOR "WIFE"DIVORCEDOUBLE STANDARD GENERALLY THROUGHOUT HISTORYBARRENNESS & ADULTERY - MAJOR REASONS FOR DIVORCEADULTERYGENERALLY DOUBLE STANDARD THROUGHOUT HISTORYTERMS FOR WOMEN IN HISTORYMATRIARCHMATRILINEALMATRILOCALMISOGYNYPOLYANDRYPOLYGAMYPOLYGYNYLEVIRATE MARRIAGECONCUBINEOTHER HISTORICAL TERMSDE FACTO VERSUS DE JURECULT VERSUS RELIGIONDIFFERENTIAL IN PAY FOR WOMENTRADITION INHERITED & PASSED DOWN THROUGH HISTORYWOMEN WOULD BE PAID LESS THAN MEN WHEN THEY WORKED FOR WAGESEVEN WHEN PERFORMED SAME LABOR3AS EARLY AS 8TH C. B.C. GREEK POET HESIOD ADVISED FARMER ON HOW TO SAVE MONEYIN WINTER HE SHOULD LET GO THE HIRED MAN; HIRE A CHILDLESS GIRLNEGATIVES VIEWS OF WOMEN HISTORICALLY = MISOGYNYAGAINST WOMEN IN GENERALONE OF MOST ENDEMIC & CONSEQUENTIAL HISTORICALLYMISOGYNYWHERE DID THIS DENIGRATION & IDEA MEN SUPERIOR TO WOMEN COME FROM?HOMERIC EPICSGREEK MYTHS & LITERATURE & DRAMAROMAN LAWSHEBREW BIBLEAT END OF 8TH C. B.C. GREEK POET HESIOD WROTE ACCOUNT OF CREATION PASSED TO LATER AGESMAN CREATED FIRST & LIVED HAPPILY UNTIL IN PUNISHMENT FOR PROMETHEUS' STEALING FIRE & GIVING TO MORTALS,ZEUS CREATED FIRST WOMAN, PANDORATHEN IN 2ND POEM WORKS & DAYS BY HESIOD PANDORA OPENS HER BOX & UNLEASHES PAINS & EVILS AMONG MENLATER HEBREW WRITINGS, POSSIBLY BECAUSE OF GREEK INFLUENCE, TENDED TO MAKE EVE INTO SUCH A FIGURE AS WELLTHIS MISOGYNY CONTINUED WITH PLATO & ARISTOTLE2 MOST INFLUENTIAL PHILOSOPHERS IN HISTORY& ONES THAT MEDIEVAL & LATER SOCIETIES IMBIBED HEAVILYARISTOTLE REMAINED SCIENTIFIC AUTHORITY FOR EUROPE INTO 16TH CBY 1ST CENTURY A.D. JEWISH MEN IN THEIR MORNING PRAYERS THANKED GOD WHO HAS NOT MADE ME A WOMANEQUIVALENT FEMALE PRAYER WAS TO THANK GOD FOR HAVING MADE ME ACCORDING TO THY WILLCHRISTIANITY LARGELY BECAUSE OF ITS INITIAL EMPHASIS ON EQUALITY OF ALL BELIEVERS IN EARLY CENTURIES GAVE MORE LATITUDE TO WOMEN'S POSITIVE ROLE IN SOCIETYBUT AS CHURCH BECAME MORE POWERFUL & INSTITUTIONALIZED OLD PATTERNS OF MALE DOMINANCE TOOK OVERCHURCH FATHERS - ST. JEROME & ST. AUGUSTINE EXTREMELY INFLUENTIAL IN CHURCH'S VIEWS ON WOMENTHAT CONTINUED THROUGHOUT MIDDLE AGESAS BOTH EDUCATED IN CLASSICAL THOUGHT THEY INHERITED NEGATIVE VIEWS OF WOMENCALVIN & OTHERS